Psilotum Sw.

Whisk ferns (en)

Genus

Pteridophytes > Ophioglossales > Psilotaceae

Characteristics

Plants small to medium-sized, often epiphytic. Rhizomes long creeping, mostly dichotomously branched. Stems erect to somewhat pendulous, glabrous, repeatedly dichotomously branched; branches green, ridged or complanate. Leaves reduced, veinless, sessile, dimorphic; trophophylls scalelike, subulate-triangular; sporophylls deeply bifid. Sporangia 3-lobed, attached at bases of sporophylls. Spores oblong in polar view, reniform in equatorial view, monolete, foveolate.
More
Sporangia 3-lobed, 3-celled (rarely 2-4-celled), subglobose, terminal on very short lobes or almost sessile, the scale-like branches embracing the sporangium. Plant us. terrestrial and erect, axis many times dichotomously branched, sterile lobes scale-like, minute, along the angles of the axis. A very few spp., mainly tropical and subtropical. The N.Z. sp. with the range of the genus.
Rhizome subterranean, clothed with brown, rhizoidal hairs. Aerial shoots erect or pendulous, branched dichotomously many times in the upper part. Sterile leaves small, scale-like, lacking a vascular nerve; sporogenous leaves bifid, otherwise similar to sterile ones. Synangia large, trilobed, obtuse, yellow. See also Du Puy (1993), Green (1994).
Plants terrestrial, sometimes epiphytic. Aerial shoots often clumped, simple proximally, dichotomously branched distally, 3(--several)-ridged. Appendages minute, bractlike, borne distally on ridges of aerial shoots, sterile appendages subulate, those subtending synangia 2-lobed. Synangia ± globose, obscurely 3-lobed.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Psilotum unspecified picture

Distribution

Psilotum world distribution map, present in Australia, China, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30213385-2
WFO ID wfo-4000031808
COL ID 74BL
BDTFX ID 87069
INPN ID 446496
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Triseca Bernhardia Hoffmannia Psilotum

Lower taxons

Psilotum complanatum Psilotum x intermedium Psilotum nudum