Psychotria nervosa Sw.

Seminole balsamo (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Psychotria

Characteristics

Shrubs to 5 m tall, the branchlets terete, pubescent to glabrate, the nodes well spaced or occasionally crowded at the apex of the twiglets. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, often narrowly so, occasionally falcate, 4-15 cm long, 1.8-7.0 cm wide, tapering acutely or obtusely into a distinct or indistinct acumen, the acumen to 2 cm long, ultimately acute or obtuse, basally acute, attenuate acute or cuneate, the costa plane or grooved above, subprominent beneath, the lateral veins 10-15, arcuate, occasionally strict but arcuate toward the margin, the submarginal undulate vein conspicuous, chartaceous, often drying reddish, ferrugineous vil-losulose or villose above and beneath, occasionally glabrate above, often with bases of deciduous hairs giving a punctate appearance; petioles either absent or to 1.5 cm long; stipules connate, at least at the very base, often becoming free from the node as a movable cylinder, each part oblong rotund, 0.8-1.5 cm long, obtuse, venose, pilose. Inflorescences terminal, occasionally pseudoterminal, solitary or ternately disposed, ferrugineous pubescent, umbelliform paniculate or conglomerate capitate, 1-5 cm long, to 7 cm wide, either epedunculate with several radiate branches or pedunculate, the peduncles 0.5-1.3 cm long, occa-sionally the peduncle with one cymule or a rachis with 2-3 pairs of opposite branches terminated by cymules. Flowers with the hypanthium ca. 0.5 mm long, the calycine cup saucer shaped and expanded, glabrous to puberulent outside, glabrous and eglandular within, to 0.5 mm long, the margin of the cup undulate or with triangular teeth, to 0.35 mm long; corolla white, the tube narrow at the base, somewhat campanulate above, glabrous to puberulent outside, villosulose near the filament attachment position within, the lobes 5, ovate oblong, almost equal to the tube, villosulose at base; stamens 5, the anthers oblong, to 0.5 mm long, the filaments slender, to 2 mm long, attached at the mouth; style slender, ca. 1 mm long, the stigmas upright, ca. 0.4 mm long. Fruits sessile, yellow orange to red, ovoid oblong to oblong, to 0.7 cm long, about 2 times longer than wide, conspicuously sulcate, glabrous to rufous pubescent, the remnants of the calyx scarcely measurable.
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An evergreen shrub. It grows 1-4 m tall. The fruit are bright red and 6-8 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in damp forest in the lowlands. It grows up to 1,200 m above sea level. It is best in an alkaline well-drained soil.
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Damp forest or thickets of the lowlands, ascending on the Pacific coast of Guatemala to about 1,200 metres, but usually at much lower elevations.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw. The seeds are roasted and used as a substitute for coffee. The leaves are used for tea.
Uses coffee substitute medicinal tea
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Dermatosis (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be pruned and grown as a hedge.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Psychotria nervosa habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Psychotria nervosa leaf picture by kierstynn w (cc-by-sa)
Psychotria nervosa leaf picture by Elly Hutchinson (cc-by-sa)
Psychotria nervosa leaf picture by Jeremy Edwards (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Psychotria nervosa flower picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Psychotria nervosa flower picture by realjeep (cc-by-sa)
Psychotria nervosa flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Psychotria nervosa fruit picture by kierstynn w (cc-by-sa)
Psychotria nervosa fruit picture by Kelly Gill (cc-by-sa)
Psychotria nervosa fruit picture by Eric (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Psychotria nervosa world distribution map, present in Bahamas, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Psychotria nervosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329821-2
WFO ID wfo-0000286803
COL ID 78K6T
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630513
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Psychotria granadensis Psychotria hirta Psychotria horizontalis Psychotria stipulacea Psychotria undulata Uragoga elongata Uragoga granadensis Uragoga rufescens Uragoga stipulacea Uragoga undata Uragoga undulata Myrstiphyllum undatum Psychotria undata Bertiera ferrugrinea Uragoga oligotricha Psychotria elongata Psychotria fadyenii Psychotria hirta Psychotria quiniifolia Psychotria chimarrhoides Psychotria oligotricha Psychotria rufescens Psychotria portoriccensis Psychotria nervosa var. hirta Psychotria nervosa subsp. rufescens Psychotria nervosa var. rufescens Psychotria nervosa var. lanceolata Psychotria rufescens var. ferruginea Psychotria rufescens var. haenkeana Psychotria undata var. chimarroides Psychotria undata var. poitaei Psychotria rufescens var. hirta Psychotria nervosa var. nervosa Psychotria lanceolata Psychotria nervosa