Pteris ensiformis Burm.

Slender brake (en)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Pteridaceae > Pteridoideae > Pteris

Characteristics

Plants 30-50 cm tall. Rhizome ascending or prostrate, slender, 4-5 mm in diam., apex with black-brown scales. Fronds dense, dimorphic; sterile fronds 1.5-2(-3) cm apart, shorter than fertile fronds; stipe and rachis straw-colored, slightly lustrous, stipe 10-30 cm (stipes of sterile fronds shorter), 1.5-2 mm in diam., glabrescent; lamina oblong-ovate, 10-25 × 5-15 cm, pinnate to bipinnate; pinnae 2-6 pairs, opposite, slightly decumbent, upper ones sessile, lower pairs shortly stalked; sterile fronds often pinnate, triangular in outline, 2.5-3.5(-8) × 1.5-2.5(-8) cm, acuminate; pinnules (1 or)2 or 3 pairs, opposite, contiguous, sessile, decumbent, oblong-oblanceolate to broadly lanceolate, basally decurrent and entire, upward and apices with acute teeth, apex obtuse; pinnae of fertile fronds distant (basal pairs 5-7 cm apart), 1-3-forked, middle fork longest, apical pinnae not decurrent at base, basal two pairs sometimes pinnate; pinnules 2 or 3(or 4) pairs, decumbent, narrowly linear, basally decurrent, margins entire except at apices, sterile parts with dense teeth, apically acuminate; midvein straw-colored, adaxially prominent; veins dense, often forked; lamina gray-green to brown-green, sometimes with nearly white bands along each side of midvein, herbaceous when dried, glabrous. n = 58.
More
Short slender terrestrial and lithophytic ferns. Rhizome short-creeping to suberect, scaly; scales narrowly triangular, brown. Fronds ± dimorphic. Stipe to 20 cm long, pale green; base scaly. Lamina with pinnae (apart from apical pinna) increasing in length from apex to base. Sterile lamina c. 20 cm long; lower pinnae pinnate or pinnatifid, to 16 cm long; ultimate segments oblong to ovate, c. 8–10 mm wide, irregularly serrate. Fertile lamina to c. 30 cm long, narrower than sterile; pinnae forked near their base; ultimate segments linear to narrowly oblong, serrate only at their apices. Veins free, oblique, once-to twice-forked. Sori continuous from near base to near apices of fertile pinnae or pinnules; paraphyses scarce.
A compact fern. It grows 20-30 cm high and spreads 20-30 cm wide. It has a short creeping rhizome. The fronds are triangle shaped. They are of different lengths. They can be 15-30 cm long. The leaflets at the end are compound with 4-5 pairs of side leaflets cut into 2-6 oval lobes with teeth. Fertile fronds are one and a half times as long as sterile fronds. Some varieties have white or silver markings.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. It grows in open moist places at low altitudes in the tropics. In Indonesia it grows up to 750 m above sea level. It grows in damp places including rock crevices and in old stone walls. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
More
Wet, acidic soils in forests, stream margins, at elevations from 100-1,000 metres in southern China.
Occurs in damp and rocky places, often in crevices.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The young fronds are steamed and used as flavouring. They are mixed with other vegetables or put in stews. The harvested fronds can be stored for 6-7 days.
More
Includes a number of cultivars grown as ornamentals, e.g. see Spencer (1995: 112).
Uses environmental use food medicinal ornamental
Edible fronds leaves
Therapeutic use Adenopathy (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Glossitis (unspecified), Parotitis (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Neck (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from spores or division.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Pteris ensiformis unspecified picture

Distribution

Pteris ensiformis world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Cuba, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guam, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17212520-1
WFO ID wfo-0001109288
COL ID 6WL35
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446393
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pteris attenuata Pteris multidentata Pteris heterodactyla Pteris ensiformis Phorolobus chinensis Pteris prionitis Pteris crenata Pteris stricta Pteris serrulata var. obtusata Pteris ensiformis var. rheophila Pteris ensiformis var. ensiformis Pteris ensiformis var. furcans

Lower taxons

Pteris ensiformis var. merrillii