Pteris multifida Poir.

Spider brake (en), Pteris multifide (fr)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Pteridaceae > Pteridoideae > Pteris

Characteristics

Plants 30-45 cm tall. Rhizome erect, short, 1-1.5 cm in diam., apex with black-brown scales. Fronds many, clustered, distinctly dimorphic. Sterile fronds: stipe straw-colored or dark brown with straw-colored margins, slightly lustrous, 15-25 cm × 1.5-2 mm, glabrous; lamina 1-pinnate, ovate-oblong in outline, 20-40 × 15-20 cm; pinnae often 3 pairs, opposite, ascending, linear-lanceolate, 8-15 × 0.6-1 cm, sessile, base acuminate, margins cartilaginous, with irregular acute teeth, basal pinna often forked, with 1 or 2 basal lobes, sometimes subpinnate, upper pinnae decurrent at base to form wings along rachis 3-5 mm wide, attenuate at base of rachis; terminal pinna 3-forked. Fertile fronds: stipe long, pinnae 4-6 pairs, linear, 10-15 × 0.4-0.7 cm, sterile margins serrate, remainder entire, basal pair subpinnate, with stipe ca. 1 cm, others sessile, basal 2 or 3 pairs often 2-or 3-forked, upper pairs with base long decurrent along rachis to form wings 3-4 mm wide; midvein prominent on both sides, straw-colored; veins conspicuous, sparse, simple or forked, sometimes both surfaces with short raised false veins parallel to veins. Lamina pale green, herbaceous when dried, glabrous throughout; rachises straw-colored, slightly lustrous. 2n = 116.
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Stems slender, short-creeping, densely scaly; scales dark reddish brown to chestnut brown. Leaves clustered, 1--6 dm. Petiole pale or brownish, 5--30 cm, scaly proximally, otherwise glabrous. Blade oblong to oblanceolate, irregularly and pedately divided proximally (as in Pteris cretica ) and pinnately divided distally, 10--35 × 13--25 cm; rachis slightly and evenly winged, wing constricted above each pinna pair. Pinnae 3--7 pairs, widely spaced, distal pinnae simple, adnate and decurrent to rachis; pinnae remaining green through winter, not articulate to rachis, lanceolate to linear; sterile pinnae wider than fertile pinnae (to ca. 1.2 cm), margins irregularly serrate to serrulate; fertile pinnae mostly less than 5 mm, margins entire to serrate at apex; adaxial costae with sparse, septate hairs; proximal pinnae with 1--4 elongate basal segments. Veins free, simple or forked. Sori narrow, blade tissue exposed abaxially. 2 n = 116.
Herbaceous fern. Rhizome short, slender, densely covered with dark brown or reddish brown scales. Fronds tufted, erect, 5–45 (–60) cm long. Stipe usually more than half the frond length (shorter on sterile fronds), slender, brown or straw-coloured, deeply grooved, mostly glabrous. Lamina irregularly 2-pinnate, lowermost pairs pedately divided (sterile fronds 1-pinnate), dark to light green, almost glabrous; rachis straw coloured, winged for most of length, glabrous or with scattered brown scales. Pinnae in 2–4 overlapping pairs, 40–140 (–190) mm long, 3–6 mm wide, linear or lanceolate, apex tapering, base long decurrent, margins serrate or serrulate, becoming entire when fertile; veins widely spaced at maturity, almost parallel, simple or forked. Sori continuous along margins extending down decurrent base.
A fern. It has a creeping rhizome. The fronds are small and divided 2 or 3 times. The segments are long, narrow and of a thin texture.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
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Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.45
Root system rhizome
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Environment

It grows in the tropics and subtropics. It grows on walls or on limestone. In China it grows below 1,000 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows between sea level and 300 m above sea level.
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Recorded growing under the overhanging edge of a railway station platform, in joins in the concrete of the platform wall, where associated Nephrolepis cordifolia.
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Hardiness (USDA) 6-12

Usage

Cultivated as an ornamental, e.g. see Spencer (1995: 113). The fern's potential antioxidant and anticancer properties have been investigated (Hoang & Tran (2014), Baskaran et al. (2018), and references therein). It could also have potential use for the treatment of multi-metal contaminated water and soil (Rahman et al. 2018).
Uses environmental use medicinal ornamental
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Anthelmintics (rhizome), Dysentery (rhizome), Skin diseases (rhizome), Anodyne (unspecified), Breast (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Cancer(Digestive) (unspecified), Hepatoma (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Alexiteric (unspecified), Trauma (unspecified)
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Cultivation

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Images

Pteris multifida unspecified picture

Distribution

Pteris multifida world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Cuba, Germany, Dominica, Spain, Fiji, Guadeloupe, India, Jamaica, Japan, Sri Lanka, Montserrat, Martinique, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Singapore, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17214630-1
WFO ID wfo-0001109294
COL ID 78KRP
BDTFX ID 75717
INPN ID 116279
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Pteris multifida Pteris multifida f. serrulata Pycnodoria multifida