Pteris tripartita Sw.

Giant brake (en)

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Pteridaceae > Pteridoideae > Pteris

Characteristics

Plants more than 2 m tall. Rhizome erect, short, ca. 2 cm in diam., apex with gray-brown scales. Fronds clustered; stipe dark brown or straw-colored, 100-150 cm, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous; lamina with 3 1-or 2-pinnatipartite divisions, broadly ovate in outline, 80-100 × ca. 70 cm, central division oblong-ovate in outline, 80-100 × 25-30 cm, stalked (10-12 cm), lateral branches smaller, and basal ones usually again divided into 2 or 3 forks; pinnules 20-30 pairs, alternate or subopposite, oblique, shortly stalked, upper ones sessile; pinnules at base and apex slightly shorter, middle pinnules lanceolate, 15-21 × 4-5 cm, base rounded-truncate, pectinately divided and forming 2 broad wings of costule, apex acute and lanceolate-caudate (3-4 cm); segments 14-25 pairs, alternate, slightly oblique, 2-5 mm apart, falcate-lanceolate, 10-30 × 4-6 mm, base slightly enlarged, sterile margins serrate, apex mucronate or obtuse; terminal pinnule similar to middle lateral pinnae but stalked; costules abaxially convex, straw-colored, glabrous, shallowly grooved adaxially, with short spines on both sides; veinlets slender, conspicuous only abaxially, veinlets from adjacent segment anastomosing to form a series of narrow areoles along costa, veinlets further anastomosing to form a series of narrow polygonal areoles along costules; lamina brown-green, thinly papery when dried, glabrescent.
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Stems stout, short-creeping, densely and conspicuously scaly; scales pale brown. Leaves clustered, 1--2 m. Petiole straw-colored to brownish red, to more than 1 m, scaly proximally, otherwise glabrous at maturity. Blade deltate to pentagonal, pedate, ultimate divisions pinnately divided, 1--2 × 1--2 m; rachis not winged. Pinnae few, closely spaced, remaining green through winter, not decurrent on rachis, not articulate to rachis, oblong-lanceolate, 1--3-forked, to 7 × 6 dm; base asymmetrical, acute; apex acute; rachis and costae glabrate or with minute hairs, especially near axils of proximal pinnae; penultimate pinnules linear to linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid, separated, not remaining green through winter, not articulate to rachis. Ultimate segments of blade numerous, linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, to 19 × 6 mm, margins entire or serrulate, apex obtuse and rounded to acute; terminal segments 3--4 cm longer and more tapering than lateral segments. Veins anastomosing near costae and costules, becoming forked and free near margins of ultimate segments. Sori narrow, blade tissue exposed abaxially.
Large terrestrial ferns. Rhizome short, erect, stout; scales small, triangular, pale brown. Fronds monomorphic. Stipe erect, often 50–150 cm long, stramineous to greenish, robust, grooved, with scattered basal scales. Lamina ±round, broadly triangular or pentagonal, to c. 1.7 m across, herbaceous to chartaceous, glabrous, divided into 3 or more subsimilar radiating 1-pinnate-pinnatifid elements; central element largest. Pinnae to 15 cm long, deeply pinnatifid, shortly stalked; lobes slightly falcate, to c. 35 mm long, to c. 5 mm wide, serrulate (especially the sterile ones), separated by rounded sinuses; veinlets forming elongate areolae along the midvein. Sori broken at lobe apices and sinuses; indusium entire; paraphyses abundant.
A fern. It grows 2 m tall. The rhizome is erect and short. It is 2 cm wide. The fronds are clustered.
Rhizome erect, short and thick with broad concolorous scales.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
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Mature width (meter) 0.02
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system rhizome
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Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in swampy places in rocky limestone.
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In Qld, occurs in rainforest.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Pteris tripartita features on a Christmas Island $1.20 postage stamp as part of a 2012 Christmas Island Ferns Set.
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The fronds are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible fronds leaves
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Cultivation

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Images

Pteris tripartita unspecified picture

Distribution

Pteris tripartita world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Guam, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Malaysia, Mayotte, Nigeria, Niue, Nauru, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17217170-1
WFO ID wfo-0001107864
COL ID 6WL9D
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446397
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Pteris attenuata Pteris connexa Pteris guilleminei Pteris pedatifida Pteris semiovata Pteris subpedata Asplenium lineare Litobrochia intermedia Litobrochia milneana Pteris intermedia Pteris milneana Campteria pseudolonchitis Litobrochia pseudolonchitis Pteris microdictyon Pteris revolvens Pteris uniseriata Pteris tripartita Litobrochia marginata Litobrochia tripartita Litobrochia microdictyon Pteris marginata Litobrochia divaricata Pteris tripartita var. milneana Pteris tripartita var. feliciennae