Pyrenacantha kaurabassana Baill.

Species

Angiosperms > Icacinales > Icacinaceae > Pyrenacantha

Characteristics

Climber or twiner; stems arising from a subterranean tuberous root, dark green, drying to grey-green, hispid.. Leaf-blade very variable in shape, ovate to pentagonal in outline, 4–10 cm. long, 5–15 cm. wide, subentire to more usually deeply 3–5(–7)-lobed, varying from obtuse to mucronate at apex of lobes, varying from cordate to sagittate at base, hispid above, densely hispid beneath; main veins 3, soon dividing to give the characteristic 5 or 7 palmate veins, which are continued to the margin, ending in prominent hydathodes; hydathodes ovoid, ± beaked, up to 1 mm. long; petiole 3–6(–12) cm. long, hispid.. Flowers dioecious in axillary or supraxillary spikes, appearing before or during early leaf.. Male flowers sessile, subtended by a small bracteole and densely compacted into an elongate spike 2–3 cm. long; peduncle 4–12 cm. long, hispid; perianth parts united at base to give 4 small deltoid lobes up to 1.5 mm. long, pubescent outside, glabrous to sparsely pubescent within; ovary replaced by a few rather coarse hairs.. Female flowers fewer than ♂, sessile, subtended by a small bracteole, compacted into a more globular shape 1–1.5 cm. long; peduncle much shorter than in ♂; perianth parts as in ♂; ovary small; stigma sessile, with radiate filaments borne in an apical depression of the ovary.. Fruits densely aggregated at the end of an enlarged stout peduncle up to 2.5 cm. long, ± ellipsoid, slightly compressed, 1.5–2 cm. long, 1.0–1.3 cm. thick, 5–8 mm. across, turning yellow to orange when mature, hispid.
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Several trailing or twining stems from a perennial tuberous root-stock; stems olive green, hispid. Leaf-lamina 7-9 x 5-7 cm, very variable in shape, ovate-triangular to subpentagonal, subentire to deeply 3-5(7)-lobed, lobes rounded or subacute and mucronulate, deeply cordate to sagittate-cordate at the base, hirsute above, densely hirsute below, basal nerves 3-5(7)-palmate, secondary nerves mostly ending in well-marked ovoid hydathodes (1 mm long with annular edge); petiole 4-6 cm long. Inflorescences pedunculate, borne at the nodes and appearing before the often abortive subtending leaves; peduncles hispid. Male spikes 3-4 cm long, very dense, on slender peduncles 4-12 cm long; flowers numerous, sessile, subtended by bracteoles. Female spikes 1-1.5 cm long, subcapitate; flowers fewer, sessile; rhachis bracteolate. Fruits 1.8-2 x 1.1-1.3 x 0.6-0.8 cm, yellow-orange at maturity, hirsute, crowded in spikes up to 6 cm long and 3.5 cm broad, on robust peduncles up to 2.5 cm long.
A climbing shrub. It has several trailing or twining stems. There is a tuberous rootstock. The leaf stalk is 4-6 cm long. The leaves are triangle shaped or 8 sided in outline. They can have 3-5 lobes. The base is heart shaped. The flowers are at the nodes. The male flowers are in 3-4 cm long spikes and the female flowers are in 1-1.5 flattened groups. There are many male flowers and fewer female flowers. The fruit are yellow to orange when ripe.
Leaf-lamina 7–9 × 5–7 cm., very variable in shape, ovate-triangular to subpentagonal, subentire to deeply 3–5 (7)-lobed, lobes rounded or subacute and mucronulate, deeply cordate to sagittate-cordate at the base, hirsute above, densely hirsute below, basal nerves 3–5 (7)-palmate, secondary nerves mostly ending in well-marked ovoid hydathodes (1 mm. long with annular edge); petiole 4–6 cm. long.
Fruits 1·8–2 × 1·1–1·3 × 0·6–0·8 cm., yellow-orange at maturity, hirsute, crowded in spikes up to 6 cm. long and 3·5 cm. broad, on robust peduncles up to 2·5 cm. long.
Male spikes 3–4 cm. long, very dense, on slender peduncles 4–12 cm. long; flowers numerous, sessile, subtended by bracteoles.
Inflorescences pedunculate, borne at the nodes and appearing before the often abortive subtending leaves; peduncles hispid.
Several trailing or twining stems from a perennial tuberous root-stock; stems olive green, hispid.
Female spikes 1–1·5 cm. long, subcapitate; flowers fewer, sessile; rhachis bracteolate.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
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Nitrogen fixer -
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Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows among rocks and on termite minds. It grows in dry woodland. In Ethiopia it grows between 600-1,300 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The tubers are chopped, dried, burnt, filtered and evaporated to provide salt.
Uses medicinal
Edible fruits leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Distribution

Pyrenacantha kaurabassana world distribution map, present in Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Somalia, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:434547-1
WFO ID wfo-0001067121
COL ID 4QR85
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cavanilla kamassana Pyrenacantha kaurabassana Pyrenacantha kamassana Pyrenacantha menyharthii Pyrenacantha vitifolia