Quassia undulata (Guill. & Perr.) D.Dietr.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Simaroubaceae > Quassia

Characteristics

Shrub to high forest tree; branchlets glabrous.. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, 2–5(–8)-jugate, 8–40(–55) cm long; leaflets opposite or subopposite, drying greenish brown above, paler beneath, terminal and basal leaflets usually smaller than the other laterals; leaflet-blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or obovate, 2–20 cm long, 1–8 cm wide, emarginate or rounded to shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded to cuneate, often oblique at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, often with pitted glands on the upper surface, nervation indistinct, impressed, margin entire, sometimes slightly wavy; petiolule 1–40 mm, very variable within the species but fairly constant for each specimen; rachis terete.. Flowers in terminal and axillary thyrses, inflorescence branches pubescent to glabrous; pedicels 1.5–10 mm long.. Calyx 2–4.5 mm long, 2–5-lobed (often fissuring irregul­arly to give variable number of lobes), glabrous inside, glabrous to puberulent outside.. Petals 5, imbricate, narrowly ovate to oblong, 3–7 mm long, 1–2.5 mm wide, subacute, puberulent outside, puberulent to pilose inside.. Stamens from 1.5–3 mm long in female or bisexual flowers, up to 7 mm in male flowers; appendage 1/2–2/3 as long as the whole stamen, pilose with short free tip; anther ± 1 mm long, broadly elliptic.. Disc annular to sub-cylindrical, 0.2–1.5 mm thick, 1.2–2.5 mm in diameter, furrows on outside to accommodate stamens, partially enveloping the ovary in male flowers.. Ovary 0.8–1.5 mm long in female or bisexual flowers, reduced in male flowers; carpels 5, free, each containing 1 ovule; styles 0.3–2 mm long, cohering.. Fruits drupaceous mericarps 1–3(–4) together on fruiting pedicels, ± ellipsoidal to oblong, apex obtusely pointed, base rounded, often slightly bicarinate and somewhat flattened, 15–35 mm long, 9–20 mm wide.. Seed 1 per mericarp.. Fig. 4.
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A shrub or large tree. It can be 42 m tall. The trunk can be without branches for 24 m. The trunk can be 120 cm across. The trunk is straight and cylinder shaped. The bark can be smooth or cracked. It is grey and flaking. The leaves are compound and arranged alternately. There are 2-9 pairs of leaflets with a leaflet at the end. The leaves are 8-40 cm long and the leaflets are 2-20 cm long by 1-8 cm wide. The leaflets at the base and at the end are the smallest. The flowers can have one or both sexes. They are white or yellow and have a scent. The fruit is made up of 1-3 fleshy sections 2-4 cm long by 1-3 cm wide. They are flattened and purple or black and shiny. There is one seed in each section. Plants vary in leaf shape, flowers and fruit.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It can grow in open grassland and in forests. It grows from sea level to 2,500 m altitude. It needs light to get established.
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Open grassland, wooded grassland, thickets and mountain grassland, at elevations up to 2,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The fruit is recorded as eaten but others claim it is not edible. The oil from the seed is extracted and then the seed cake is eaten. (The oil is used for soap.) Caution: It should probably only be eaten with proper preparation.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use fiber food fuel gene source invertebrate food material medicinal oil poison social use wood
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Fresh seed should be sown. They germinate in 6-22 days. Seedlings grow slowly.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:814052-1
WFO ID wfo-0000733404
COL ID 7WQVC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Zwingera undulata Hannoa chlorantha Hannoa undulata Quassia undulata Odyendea zimmermannii Simaba undulata Hannoa longipes