Quercus palustris Münchh.

Pin oak (en), Chêne à épingles (fr), Chêne des marais (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fagales > Fagaceae > Quercus

Characteristics

Deciduous tree to 20 (–25) m high. Bark grey-brown, fissured. Leaves: lamina ± elliptic to oblong in outline and irregularly deeply lobed (with different sized sharply angular lobes and obtuse to rounded sinuses; the c. middle lobes the longest where the leaf is also usually the widest), mostly 9–14 (–17.5) cm long, 9–15 (–18) cm wide, the margin with 5–7 (–9) pointed (acute to attenuate) main lobes with an apical innocuous bristle (awn) to 6 (–7) mm long (these lobes often with variably sized secondary pointed lobes and/or teeth terminating in a bristle; leaves with 10–30 bristles, fide Nixon 1997), cuneate (to ± truncate) and often asymmetric at base, thin-textured (papery), ± shiny and darker green above, colouring bronze to reddish in autumn, glabrous except for underside tuffs of fawn stellate hairs in occasional vein axils where secondary (lateral) veins join midrib and occasionally in some axils between secondary and tertiary veins; petiole mostly 2–6.5 cm long, glabrous. Acorns solitary or 2 (3) clustered, stalkless or shortly stalked, ± hemispherical to broad-ovoid or globose, often ± flattened (e.g. depressed-globular), c. 1–1.5 cm long, often conspicuously striate; cupule saucer-like, c. one-quarter to one-third as long as acorn, scale tips tightly appressed, acute to obtuse.
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A small tree. It grows 18-25 m tall and spreads 12-15 m wide. It loses its leaves during the year. The lower branches droop downwards. The leaf stalk is 2.5-5 cm long. The leaves are oval and 10-20 cm long by 7-10 cm wide. The leaves are glossy and deeply divided. There are 5-7 lobes. The leaves are mid-green and turn red-brown in autumn. The female flowering stalks are about 1 cm long. There can be 1, 2 or 3 cups. They enclose about 1/3 of the nut. The nut is brownish and narrow and oval. It is 2-2.5 cm long by 1.5 cm wide. The cup is saucer like.
Perennial tree, up to 25 m high. Leaves deciduous, elliptic, very deeply lobed, the lobes bristle-tipped, base broadly tapered, apex acute; green and shining above, paler below. Acorns almost hemispherical, 12-17 mm in diam., base enclosed in a thin saucer-like cup.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination
Spread dyszoochory
Mature width (meter) 8.0
Mature height (meter) 19.0 - 25.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.8
Root diameter (meter) 0.5
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to S.E. Canada and E. United States. They are frost hardy. It normally grows on poorly drained soils, in swamps and along streams. It is intolerant of shade. It does not suit chalky soils. It suits hardiness zones 3-10. In Melbourne Botanical Gardens. Hobart Botanical Gardens. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Deep rich soils in swampy woods and bottoms at low elevations. Often found in wet, poorly drained claypan soils typical of floodplains, tolerating short periods of spring flooding.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 2-4
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The nut or acorn is bitter with tannin. It is occasionally eaten after leaching. The wood is used for smoke flavouring during barbecue cooking.
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Widely cultivated as an ornamental and street or avenue tree. Foliage colours in autumn.
Uses dye medicinal ornamental timber wood
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Analgesic (bark)
Human toxicity weak toxic (leaf), weak toxic (bark), weak toxic (fruit)
Animal toxicity toxic (leaf), toxic (bark), toxic (fruit)

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Quercus palustris habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris habit picture by Eylisia (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Quercus palustris leaf picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris leaf picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Quercus palustris flower picture by Matthias Foellmer (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris flower picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Quercus palustris fruit picture by Raphael Gomes (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Quercus palustris fruit picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Quercus palustris world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Denmark, Micronesia (Federated States of), Hungary, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Romania, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Quercus palustris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:359933-1
WFO ID wfo-0000292323
COL ID 4R5QY
BDTFX ID 75771
INPN ID 116740
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Quercus rubra var. dissecta Quercus rubra var. palustris Quercus palustris var. heterophylla Quercus palustris