Quercus phellos L.

Willow oak (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fagales > Fagaceae > Quercus

Characteristics

Trees , deciduous, to 30 m. Bark dark gray and smooth, becoming darker and irregularly fissured with age, inner bark light orange. Twigs reddish brown, 1-2 mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds chestnut brown, ovoid, 2-4 mm, apex acute, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2-4(-6) mm, glabrous, rarely sparsely hairy. Leaf blade linear to narrowly elliptic, usually widest near middle, 50-120 × 10-25 mm, base acute, margins entire with 1 apical awn, apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale green, glabrous, rarely softly pubescent, adaxially light green, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup shallowly saucer-shaped, 3-6.5 mm high × 7.5-11 mm wide, covering 1/4-1/3 nut, outer surface puberulent, inner surface light brown, pubescent, scale tips tightly appressed, acute; nut ovoid to hemispheric, 8-12 × 6.5-10 mm, often striate, glabrate, scar diam. 4.5-6 mm.
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Tall shrub, or tree to 25 m; twigs of the season reddish-brown, glabrous; lvs shiny-green above, thin, oblong-linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6–12 × 1–2(–2.5) cm, bristle-tipped, entire, usually cuneate at base, glabrous above with finely reticulate, elevated veinlets, dull (and somewhat paler) green beneath and glabrous or with the stellate pubescence persistent especially in the vein-axils or along the midvein; acorns 1–1.5 cm, the cup shallowly saucer-shaped, its scales closely appressed, pubescent except at the margin. Swamps and moist soil; s. N.Y. to Fla. and Tex., chiefly on the coastal plain, n. in the interior to s. Ill.
A deciduous tree. It grows 30 m high. It is a broadly spreading oak tree. The bark is grey and smooth. It becomes ridged and cracks into plates with age. The leaves are narrow and long. They are 10 cm long by 2.5 cm wide. They end in a small fine point. They are bright green above and paler underneath. They are smooth on both sides. The male and female flowers are borne separately on the same plant. The male flowers are easier to see and are yellow-green in drooping catkins. The fruit are acorns 1.5 cm long. They are about one quarter enclosed in a shallow cup.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 6.0
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Low wet borders of swamps and streams, bottom lands and sandy uplands on rich soils. Moist alluvial soils of bottomland flood plains and stream banks, occasionally on poorly drained uplands; at elevations up to 400 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It is native to the eastern United States. They grow in moist swampy soil. It suits hardiness zones 5-10. Arboretum Tasmania.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 2-4
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

Uses charcoal dye environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible nuts seeds
Therapeutic use Analgesic (bark), Antirheumatic (External) (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Hemorrhoid Remedy (bark), Orthopedic Aid (bark), Love Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is easy to transplant.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 120 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 16
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Quercus phellos habit picture by Quinton Snow (cc-by-sa)
Quercus phellos habit picture by susan white (cc-by-sa)
Quercus phellos habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Quercus phellos leaf picture by Madison Goretoy (cc-by-sa)
Quercus phellos leaf picture by Danielle Lewis (cc-by-sa)
Quercus phellos leaf picture by thomas creamer (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Quercus phellos flower picture by Alfy (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Quercus phellos fruit picture by Fabrice Btn (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Quercus phellos world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Georgia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Conservation status

Quercus phellos threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:284113-2
WFO ID wfo-0000292491
COL ID 4R5SP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Quercus phellos f. phellos Quercus phellos var. sylvatica Quercus phellos var. viridis Quercus phellos f. intonsa Quercus phellos