Trees to 30 m tall, evergreen. Branchlets with prominent stellate hairs, glabrescent, lenticellate; lenticels narrowly rounded. Petiole 2-6 mm, brown tomentose and with stellate hairs, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic to narrowly so, 5-12 × 3-6.5 cm, abaxially with brown stellate hairs and scurfy powder, adaxially glabrescent or sparsely with stellate hairs, base shallowly cordate, margin entire or with spiniform teeth, apex obtuse; secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein; tertiary veins usually abaxially obscured by indumentum. Infructescence with 1 or 2 cupules, 2-7 cm, glabrous. Cupule shallowly bowl-shaped to discoid, 5-8 mm × 1.5-2.5 cm, at maturity inside wall usually in contact with nut ± only in region of scar, inside with a thick pale grayish brown indumentum; bracts lanceolate, 2-3 mm, grayish pubescent, apex brown. Nut sometimes purple-brown, subglobose, 2-3 cm in diam., glabrous or apex glabrescent; scar ca. 6 mm in diam., flat or slightly raised; stylopodium ca. 1 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Oct of following year.
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A tree. It grows about 20 m high. It keeps its leaves during the year. The young parts have a brown covering and hairs. The leaves have stalks. They are 2-6 mm long. Leaves are alternate. The leaves are oblong and densely hairy underneath when young. The leaf blade is 5-12 cm long by 3-6.5 cm wide. The male flower spikes are long and slender. They are densely hairy and droop. They are yellowish. The female fruit is an acorn. They occur singly or in pairs. The nut can be purple brown. It is 2-3 cm across.
Often the dominant species on north-facing slopes in the Himalayas, at elevations from ,2400-3,600 metres. In China it grows right up to the tree-line, where it becomes a thicket-forming shrub.
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It is a temperate plant. In Nepal they grow from 700-3800 m altitude. They occur on hillsides. In China they grow in mountain forests between 2600-4000 m altitude.
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