Ranunculus acris L.

Meadow buttercup (en), Renoncule âcre (fr), Pied-de-coq (fr), Bouton-d'or (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus

Characteristics

Perennial; roots all fibrous, arising from a stout short rhizome. Stems stout, erect, hairy at least below, (30)-60-100 cm tall. Lvs subcircular to rhomboid, very deeply palmately 5-lobed; lobes pinnatifid with narrowly lanceolate acute segments, hairy; lower lvs 4-12 × 5-15 cm on hairy petioles 10-50 cm long; uppermost lvs becoming sessile, not lobed, entire, linear. Fls numerous per stem, 15-20-(30) mm diam. Pedicels erect, with spreading hairs, terete, 2-6 cm long. Sepals 5, hairy, spreading, 4-5 mm long. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, 10-12 × 8-10 mm; nectary single, c. 1 mm from petal base, covered by a short oblong truncate or retuse scale. Receptacle glabrous. Achenes 30-50, glabrous, strongly flattened, bordered, obovate-deltoid to subcircular; body 2.5-3 × c. 2 mm; face smooth; beak hooked, c. 0.5 mm long.
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Stems erect from short caudex or rhizome, never rooting nodally, hispid, strigose, or glabrous, base not bulbous. Roots never tuberous. Basal leaf blades pentagonal in outline, deeply 3-5-parted, 1.8-5.2 × 2.7-9.8 cm, segments 1-2×-lobed or-parted, ultimate segments narrowly elliptic or oblong to lanceolate, margins toothed or lobulate, apex acute to rounded. Flowers: receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, 4-6(-9) × 2-5 mm, hispid; petals 5, yellow, 8-11(-17) × 7-13 mm. Heads of achenes globose, 5-7(-10) mm wide; achenes 2-3 × 1.8-2.4 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, deltate, usually with tip short or long, straight or curved, subulate, 0.2-1 mm. 2 n = 14.
Spreading-hairy perennial, slender, eventually to 1 m, leafy mostly below the middle, the long branches with few, widely separated, much reduced lvs; lvs reniform, deeply 3-cleft, the broadly cuneate-obovate segments incised or cleft into oblong or linear lobes; pet broadly obovate, often retuse, 8–16 mm, twice as long as the sep; achenes in a subglobose head, flat, margined, broadly and obliquely obovate, 2–3 mm, the beak 0.4–1 mm; 2n=14, 28, 29, 32. Native of Europe, widely introduced in N. Amer. as a weed in fields and meadows and along roadsides. May–Sept. Double-flowered forms occur.
A plant which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 60-100 cm high and spreads 60-120 cm wide. The leaves have teeth and 3-7 lobes. The flowers are yellow and in small clusters. They are 25 mm wide.
Description pending.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.35 - 0.85
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 1.0
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Damp meadows and pastures, usually on calcareous or circum-neutral soils. Also found on damp rock ledges, in gullies and occasionally on mountain top detritus.
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It is a temperate plant. It suits hardiness zones 5-10. Tasmania Herbarium.
Light 3-7
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten as greens.
Uses environmental use medicinal poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Analgesic (flower), Analgesic (leaf), Dermatological Aid (root), Antidiarrheal (root), Analgesic (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Oral Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Antihemorrhagic (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified), Ague (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Hallucinogen (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Vesicant (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ranunculus acris habit picture by Curdeius Curdeius (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris habit picture by Béatrice Escande (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris habit picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ranunculus acris leaf picture by Curdeius Curdeius (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris leaf picture by numabx (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris leaf picture by consilliere (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ranunculus acris flower picture by simone simone (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris flower picture by Alaux Arex (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris flower picture by Jakob (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ranunculus acris fruit picture by laurence petro (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris fruit picture by la melie des champs (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus acris fruit picture by Andrei Contiu (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ranunculus acris world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:712125-1
WFO ID wfo-0000461396
COL ID 4RFJN
BDTFX ID 54682
INPN ID 116903
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ranunculus acris f. multiplicipetalus Ranunculus kerneri Ranunculus kayserii Ranunculus eustrigulosus Ranunculus x intercedens Ranunculus acris Ranunculastrum nemorivagum Ranunculastrum acre Ranunculastrum boraeanum Ranunculus tomophyllus Ranunculus vulgatus Ranunculus stipatus Ranunculus nemorivagus Ranunculus major Ranunculus rectus Ranunculus pascuicola Ranunculus franchetianus Ranunculus boraeanus Ranunculus cammarifolius Ranunculus siculus Ranunculus malacophyllus Ranunculus paradoxus Ranunculus trachyticus Ranunculus steveni Ranunculus acris f. acris Ranunculus silvaticus Ranunculastrum vulgatum Ranunculus csatoi Ranunculus colocensis Ranunculus buergeri Ranunculus barthii Ranunculus transsilvanicus Ranunculus sylvaticus Ranunculus subalpinus Ranunculus mccallae Ranunculus acris var. acris Ranunculus acris var. latisectus Ranunculus acris var. multifidus Ranunculus acris var. sylvaticus Ranunculus acris var. minimus

Lower taxons

Ranunculus acris subsp. hultenii Ranunculus acris subsp. pumilus Ranunculus acris subsp. borealis Ranunculus acris subsp. friesianus Ranunculus acris var. frigidus