Ranunculus arvensis L.

Corn buttercup (en), Renoncule des champs (fr), Chausse-trappe des blés (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus

Characteristics

Herbs annual. Stems ca. 30 cm, sparsely appressed puberulent, branched. Basal leaves 3--5; petiole 1.6--6 cm, sparsely puberulent; blade 3-lobed, 3-partite, or 3-sect, obovate or broadly rhombic, 1.5--3.5 × 1.5--4 cm, papery, sparsely appressed puberulent, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, lobes narrowly cuneate, 2-or 3-dentate at apex. Stem leaves petiolate or sessile, 1-or 2-ternate, ultimate lobes narrowly cuneate or linear-lanceolate. Flowers leaf-opposed, ca. 1 cm in diam. Pedicel 2--4 cm, appressed puberulent. Receptacle puberulent. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, ca. 5 mm, abaxially appressed puberulent. Petals 5, obovate, ca. 5 × 3.8 mm, nectary pit covered by a scale, apex rounded. Stamens numerous. Aggregate fruit subglobose, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. Achene complanate, elliptic, ca. 5 × 3.5 mm, glabrous, spiny, spines up to 2 mm; style persistent, ca. 2.6 mm. Fl. Apr--May.
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Erect, sparsely pilose annual; roots fibrous. Lower leaves with petioles 1.5–7 cm long; lamina obovate or broadly spathulate, 2–4 cm long; stem-leaves trifoliolate or biternate, with obovate or linear-elliptical segments. Flowering stems 3–7 (–15)-flowered, 15–60 cm high, pedicels with sparse, recurved hairs. Sepals 5, spreading, ovate, 5–7 mm long, pale yellowish green, pilose beneath. Petals 5, obovate, 7–10 mm long, bright lemon-yellow; margins minutely ciliate; nectary near petal-base, with lobe cuneate or obovate, wider than petal just above its attachment, 1–2 mm long, free for up to half this length. Stamens 10–12. Pistils 6–12. Receptacle hirsute. Achenes broadly obovate, 6–8 mm long, strongly flattened; lateral faces with prominent spine-like tubercles to 3 mm long, longer near margins; beak 2–3 mm long, erect, straight to falcate.
Annual; roots all fibrous. Stems moderately stout, erect, pubescent above, 10-30-(50) cm tall. Basal lvs subcircular, shallowly 3-5-lobed, 2-4 × 2-4 cm, glabrous; petioles glabrous, 1.5-3 cm long. Cauline lvs 2-ternate; leaflets linear, 2-3-fid, pubescent; uppermost lvs becoming subsessile. Fls 3-7-(15) per stem, 15-20 mm diam. Pedicels erect, pubescent, terete, c. 50 mm long at fruiting. Sepals 5, with sparse long hairs, subacute, 6-7 mm long, spreading, pale yellow. Petals 5, pale yellow, obovate, c. 10 × 6 mm; nectary single, c. 0.5 mm from petal base, covered by a short broad truncate scale. Receptacle hairy. Achenes 5-8, strongly flattened, distinctly bordered, broadly obovate; body 5-7 × 4-5 mm; face with strong long curved spines especially near the margin; beak straight, 2-3 mm long.
Stems erect or ascending, sparsely pilose. Basal and lower cauline leaf blades obovate to rhombic in outline, 3-parted or 3(-5)-foliolate, 1.8-5.2 × 1.6-4.2 cm, leaflets oblanceolate or divided into oblanceolate or linear segments, leaflet base narrowly acuminate, margins entire or distally dentate, apex rounded or acuminate. Flowers pedicellate; receptacle sparsely hispid; sepals 5, spreading, 4-7 × 1-2 mm, strigose; petals 5, 5-8 × 2-4 mm. Heads of achenes discoid, 8-9 mm across; achenes 5-8 per head, 4-6.4 × 2.8-4.4 mm, faces and margin covered with long spines, glabrous; beak lance-subulate, straight, 1.6-3.8 mm.
Annual, 2–4 dm; lvs deeply divided into many linear and entire or narrowly cuneate-oblong and incised segments; fls long-pedicellate; pet obovate, 5–8 mm; receptacle hairy in fr; achenes 4–9, broadly and obliquely obovate, 4.5–7 mm, the sides and margins with numerous slender spines to 2.5 mm; beak subulate, 2–3 mm; 2n=32. Native of Europe, occasionally found as a weed in our range, esp. along the Atlantic coast. Apr.–Aug.
A herb.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.35 - 0.5
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A weed of cornfields, especially on calcareous soils.
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It is a temperate plant.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-10

Usage

The leaves, before flowering, are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. The flowers are also cooked with rice.
Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Antibiotic (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Vesicant (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (whole plant)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 68
Germination temperacture (C°) 16
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ranunculus arvensis leaf picture by jaap copper (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus arvensis leaf picture by adeline Lacordaire (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus arvensis leaf picture by Cornelia Kaya (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ranunculus arvensis flower picture by jaap copper (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus arvensis flower picture by Cornelia Kaya (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus arvensis flower picture by Michel Laval (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ranunculus arvensis fruit picture by Sergio costantini (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus arvensis fruit picture by lower case t (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus arvensis fruit picture by Isabelle Ribaute (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ranunculus arvensis world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Switzerland, Chile, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Morocco, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:712240-1
WFO ID wfo-0000461176
COL ID 4RFQ5
BDTFX ID 54767
INPN ID 116932
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cynomorbium heterophyllum Pfundia arvensis Ranunculus echinatus Hericinia arvensis Ranunculus fernandezii Ranunculus curvirostratus Ranunculus tuberculatus Ranunculus segetalis Ranunculus reticulatus Ranunculus arvensis var. arvensis Ranunculus arvensis var. tuberculatus Ranunculus arvensis

Lower taxons

Ranunculus arvensis var. echinatissimus