Ranunculus bulbosus L.

St. anthony's turnip (en), Renoncule bulbeuse (fr), Bouton-d'or bulbeux (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus

Characteristics

Perennial; roots all fibrous, arising from a short, swollen, bulb-like rootstock. Stems ± slender, erect, (15)-20-30-(60) cm long, with appressed hairs. Lvs sparsely to densely hairy, 3-foliolate, the middle leaflet stipitate. Basal and lower cauline lvs ovate-deltoid, 3-7-(10) × 2-6-(8) cm; leaflets obovate-cuneate, 3-lobed, dentate; petioles sparsely covered in appressed hairs, (4)-8-25 cm long. Upper cauline lvs similar, becoming sessile; leaflets linear-lobed. Fls numerous per stem, 20-30 mm diam. Pedicels erect, with appressed hairs, sulcate, (2)-4-10 cm long. Sepals 5, hairy, deflexed, 6-8 mm long. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, 8-12 × 6-8 mm; nectary single, basal, covered by a broad obtuse scale. Receptacle hairy. Achenes 20-40, in globose heads, glabrous, strongly flattened, bordered, obovate; body 2.5-3 × c. 2 mm; face smooth; beak curved, c. 0.5 mm long.
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Hirsute, cormose perennial, erect, 2–6 dm, the stems bulbously thickened at the base, basal lvs long-petioled, 3-parted, the terminal segment stalked, all segments broadly obovate to subrotund, deeply cleft and lobed; cauline lvs few, much smaller and less divided; fls long-pedicellate; pet broadly obovate, 8–14 mm; anthers 2–3 mm, rarely less; achenes broadly and obliquely obovate, 2.5–3.5 mm, smooth, much thicker apically than basally, distinctly margined; beak stout, outcurved, 0.6–1 mm; 2n=16. Native of Europe, naturalized in fields, meadows, and lawns. Apr.–July.
A small plant which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 30-50 cm high and spreads 50-100 cm wide. The leaves are oval and pointed and have 3 large lobes with teeth. The flowers are bright, shiny and yellow. They are 30 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.4
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Meadows, lawns, dry pastures, grassy slopes and fixed dunes, preferring a calcareous sub-strata.
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It is a temperate plant. It suits hardiness zones 7-10.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The starch of the root or bulb is used to add to bread flour after the bitter element is removed. The roots can be boiled and eaten after thorough boiling and drying. The young flowers are pickled. CAUTION The plant has strongly acrid juice that causes blistering.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible bulbs flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Toothache (root), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Cancer(Breast) (unspecified), Corn (unspecified), Wart (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ranunculus bulbosus habit picture by Plantae Lucorum (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus habit picture by Céline Anthelme (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus habit picture by Jean-Francois Julien (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ranunculus bulbosus leaf picture by Frédéric Faure (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus leaf picture by Plantae Lucorum (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus leaf picture by francoise cloteau (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ranunculus bulbosus flower picture by Frédéric Faure (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus flower picture by L Bernaerts (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus flower picture by francoise cloteau (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ranunculus bulbosus fruit picture by charlotte lambert (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus fruit picture by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus bulbosus fruit picture by Alain Champrigaud (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ranunculus bulbosus world distribution map, present in Canada, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:712367-1
WFO ID wfo-0000461562
COL ID 6X4PR
BDTFX ID 54838
INPN ID 116952
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ranunculus bulbosus f. linearis Ranunculus rapaceus Ranunculastrum albonaevum Ranunculastrum bulbiferum Ranunculastrum bulbosum Ranunculus albonaevus Ranunculus bulbifer Ranunculus cibiniensis Ranunculus heucherifolius Ranunculus brachiatus Ranunculus bulbosus Ranunculus valdepubens Ranunculus hornemannii Ranunculastrum valdepubens Ranunculastrum sparsipilum Ranunculus sparsipilus Ranunculus sennenii Ranunculus anemonerhizos Ranunculus villiferus Ranunculus pseudoaleae Ranunculus bulbosus var. valdepubens Ranunculus bulbosus var. bulbosus Ranunculus bulbosus var. dissectus Ranunculus bulbosus subsp. cacuminalis Ranunculus bulbosus var. osiae

Lower taxons

Ranunculus bulbosus subsp. castellanus Ranunculus bulbosus subsp. aleae