Ranunculus ficaria L.

Fig buttercup (en), Ficaire printanière (fr), Renoncule ficaire (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus

Characteristics

Glabrous perennial, rarely sparsely hairy in upper parts; roots both fibrous and swollen. Stems slender or stout, erect, 15-30 cm long, with axillary bulbils sometimes present. Basal lvs fleshy, deeply cordate, broadly ovate to deltoid, acute to obtuse, entire or shallowly crenate or dentate, (1)-3-10-(13) × (1)-3-8-(12) cm; petiole (3)-5-20-(40) cm long; cauline lvs similar to basal, smaller, often shallowly lobed. Fls 1-5 per stem, 30-50 mm diam. Pedicels erect, terete, 5-25 cm long. Sepals 3, spreading, orbicular, obtuse, c. 1 cm long. Petals 8-12-(15), yellow, oblong, 10-25 × 5-8 mm; nectary single, ± basal, covered by a very small triangular or oblong scale. Receptacle hairy. Achenes 30-60, pubescent, ovoid, keeled, sometimes not ripening; body 2-2.5 mm long; beak minute.
More
Stems erect to decumbent, not rooting nodally, glabrous, not bulbous-based, spheric or ellipsoid bulbils sometimes formed in leaf axils. Tuberous roots present. Basal leaves simple and undivided, blades cordate to deltate or semicircular, 1.8-3.7 × 2-4 cm, base cordate, margins entire or crenate, apex rounded or obtuse. Flowers: receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, saccate at extreme base, 4-9 × 3-6 mm, glabrous; petals yellow, 10-15 × 3-7 mm. Heads of achenes hemispheric, 4-5 × 6-8 mm; achenes 2.6-2.8 × 1.8-2 mm, pubescent; beak absent.
Perennial from a cluster of tuberous roots, 1–3 dm, with a few short internodes below and 1 or few long peduncles; lvs long-petiolate, cordate to oblong-cordate, blunt, entire or sinuately toothed, often with axillary bulbils; lower lvs apparently opposite; sep 3–4, green; pet 8–12, yellow, narrowly obovate, mostly 10–18 mm; achenes beakless; 2n=16, 24, 32. Native of Eurasia, casually escaped from cult. in our range.
A herb.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread myrmecochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.25
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Woods, scrub, meadows, by streams etc, avoiding acid soils.
More
It is a temperate plant.
Light 2-7
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-3
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The young leaves are eaten raw and also used as a potherb.
Uses environmental use medicinal poison potherb
Edible bulbs flowers fruits leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use Astringent (unspecified), Condyloma (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Wen (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Piles (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions, seedlings or tubers.
Mode divisions seedlings tubers
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ranunculus ficaria habit picture by Frederic Vieilledent (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus ficaria habit picture by kathleen kathleen (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus ficaria habit picture by michel cosme (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ranunculus ficaria leaf picture by ryro26 (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus ficaria leaf picture by Annick Laugeois (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus ficaria leaf picture by Deman Tree (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ranunculus ficaria flower picture by Anis LIMAMI (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus ficaria flower picture by pascal farfal (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus ficaria flower picture by ryro26 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ranunculus ficaria world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Germany, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Croatia, Italy, Lithuania, Latvia, North Macedonia, New Zealand, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Turkey, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:712703-1
WFO ID wfo-0000460581
COL ID 4RGBC
BDTFX ID 54960
INPN ID 117019
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ficaria verna f. divergens Ficaria verna f. polypetala Ficaria bulbifera Caltha hiranoi Chelidonium minus Ficaria ranunculiflora Ficaria roberti Ficaria rotundifolia Ficaria boryi Ficaria communis Ficaria degenii Ficaria ficaria Ficaria peloponnesiaca Ficaria polypetala Ficaria verna Ficaria vulgaris Ficaria aperta Ficaria ranunculoides Ranunculus ficaria subsp. bulbilifer Ficaria verna subsp. bulbifera Ficaria verna f. marmorata Ranunculus vernus f. divergens Ranunculus ficaria var. bulbifera Ficaria verna f. dolichopetala Ranunculus ficaria

Lower taxons

Ranunculus ficaria subsp. chrysocephalus Ranunculus ficaria subsp. fertilis Ranunculus ficaria subsp. ficariiformis Ficaria verna subsp. ficariiformis Ranunculus ficaria subsp. calthifolius Ficaria verna subsp. calthifolia Ficaria verna subsp. bulbilifera Ranunculus ficaria subsp. ficaria