Ranunculus repens L.

Creeping buttercup (en), Renoncule rampante (fr), Bouton-d'or rampant (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus

Characteristics

Hirsute, prostrate to ascending perennials to 80 cm. tall, rooting at the lower nodes, the roots filiform. Cauline leaves alternate, hirsute, often glabrescent, the blades trifoliate, the leaflets often deeply 3-lobed and dentate, rhombic-deltoid, apically acute and apiculate, basally obtuse to acute, 2-4 cm. long, 1.5-3.0 cm. broad, the central petiolules 0.5-4.0 cm. long; petioles 1-20 cm. long, the swollen leaf base to 2.5 cm. long; radical leaves similar to the cauline but often with larger blades and longer petioles. Flowers mostly solitary in the upper axils, the pedicels 2-10 cm. long; sepals 5, greenish, 3-nerved, 4-7 mm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, caducous; petals 5, yellow, occasionally drying white, ellipsoid, obtuse, 5-13 mm. long, 3.5-10.0 mm. broad, the nectary flap semicircular, glabrous, ca. 0.5 mm. long, (1.0-1.3 mm. fide Benson); stamens numerous, 2-3 mm. long, the anthers about as long as the filaments; carpels numerous. Fruiting heads subglobose, 6.0-7.5 mm. long; achenes 20-25, subdiscoid, puncticulate, ca. 2.5 mm. long, 2.0-2.5 mm. broad, the beak ca. 1 mm. long, strongly recurved; fruiting pedicels 4-15 cm. long, the receptacle ca. 3 mm. long, pubescent.
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Herbs perennial. Stolons present. Stems ascending or suberect, 10--60 cm, subglabrous or sparsely puberulent, branched above. Basal leaves with petiole 7--20 cm; blade ternate, 3-partite, rarely 3-sect, central leaflet broadly rhombic, 2--4.2 × 1.8--3.8 cm, glabrous or adaxially appressed puberulent, base broadly cuneate, secondary lobes lobed or more deeply divided; lateral leaflets oblique, unequally 2-or 3-lobed or-partite. Stem leaves similar to basal ones, smaller and shortly petiolate upward. Monochasium terminal, 2-to several flowered; bracts 3-sect or undivided, lanceolate-linear. Flowers 1.5--2.2 cm in diam. Pedicel 1--8 cm, appressed puberulent. Receptacle puberulent. Sepals 5, elliptic-ovate, 5--7 mm, abaxially appressed pubescent or subglabrous. Petals 5 (7--22 in f. polypetalus), obovate, 7--10 × 5--7 mm, nectary pit covered by a scale, apex rounded or rounded-truncate. Stamens numerous; anthers oblong. Aggregate fruit ovoid, 5--7 mm in diam.; carpels numerous. Achene bilaterally compressed, obliquely obovate, 2.2--3 × 1.8--2.1 mm, glabrous, narrowly marginate; style persistent, 0.5--0.8 mm. Fl. Apr--Aug, fr. May--Aug.
Stoloniferous perennial; roots fibrous; stolons robust, mostly above ground, rooting at nodes. Basal leaves very variable; petiole 2–35 cm long; lamina triangular-ovate, 2–15 cm long, trifoliolate; leaflets ± petiolulate, broadly ovate, entire and irregularly toothed, or further ± ternately (sometimes ± biternately) dissected, subsericeous, pilose or ± glabrous. Uppermost stem-leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, entire. Flowering stems 1–3 (–5)-flowered, 15–75 cm high, pilose to subsericeous. Sepals 5, appressed or spreading, ovate to broad-elliptic, 5–8 mm long, pubescent below. Petals usually 5, broadly obovate, 6–15 mm long, 5–10 mm wide, yellow, glossy; nectary near petal-base, with lobe obovate to cuneate, 1–2 mm long, free for most of this length. Stamens 35–75. Pistils c. 20–50. Receptacle hispid. Achenes ± orbicular, 2.5–3.5 mm long, strongly laterally compressed, glabrous, finely punctulate, distinctly margined; beak c. 1 mm long, straight or curved.
Perennial; roots all fibrous. Stems stoloniferous, ± slender, arising from compact rootstock, arcuately decumbent and rooting at nodes, hairy, 30-60-(100) cm long. Lvs with sparse to dense hairs, 3-foliolate, at least the middle segment stipitate; basal lvs ovate-deltoid, 2-4-(7) × 2-5-(8) cm; leaflets deltoid, 3-lobed, dentate; petioles glabrous to hairy, (2)-5-15-(25) cm long. Upper cauline lvs similar to basal; leaflets becoming linear-lanceolate, entire. Fls 1-3-(10) per stem, (15)-20-25-(30) mm diam. Pedicels erect, with appressed hairs, sulcate, 3-10-(20) cm long. Sepals 5, hairy, spreading, 6-8 mm long. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, (9)-10-12 × 7-9 mm; nectary single, 0.5 mm from petal base, covered by a broad, obtuse or emarginate scale. Receptacle hairy. Achenes 20-40, glabrous, strongly flattened, bordered, broadly obovate; body 2-3 × 2-2.5 mm; face smooth; beak hooked at tip, 1-1.5 mm long.
Stems decumbent or creeping, rooting nodally, hispid to strigose or almost glabrous, base not bulbous. Roots never tuberous. Basal leaf blades ovate to reniform in outline, 3-foliolate, 1-8.5 × 1.5-10 cm, leaflets lobed, parted, or parted and again lobed, ultimate segments obovate to elliptic or sometimes narrowly oblong, margins toothed, apex obtuse to acuminate. Flowers: receptacle hispid or rarely glabrous; sepals spreading or reflexed from base, 4-7(-10) × 1.5-3(-4) mm, hispid or sometimes glabrous; petals 5(-150), yellow, 6-18 × 5-12 mm. Heads of achenes globose or ovoid, 5-10 × 5-8 mm; achenes 2.6-3.2 × 2-2.8 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, lanceolate to lance-filiform, curved, 0.8-1.2 mm. 2 n = 14, 32.
Hirsute to strigose or subglabrous perennial, mostly creeping, rarely ascending or erect; lvs petioled, 3-parted, the terminal segment stalked, all segments broadly obovate to subrotund, cleft or lobed, sharply toothed; pet 8–15 mm, two-thirds as wide; anthers 1–2 mm; achenes broadly and obliquely ovate, 2.5–3.5 mm, sharply but narrowly margined, the beak triangular, usually curved, 0.8–1.5 mm; 2n mostly =32. Native of Europe, naturalized in fields, lawns, roadsides, and wet meadows. May–July. Robust, subglabrate plants have been called var. glabratus DC., and double-flowered ones have been called var. degeneratus Schur or var. pleniflorus Fernald.
A small herb which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 10-60 cm high. It has creeping runners or stolons. These form roots at the nodes. The leaf is made up of 3 leaflets. These are triangle shaped and 2-13 cm long. The leaflets are usually divided into 3 lobes. These have teeth along the edge. The flowers are yellow. They are 2-3 cm across. The petals are smooth and shiny. There are 5 petals and 5 spreading and hairy sepals. The fruit are dry and 2-3 mm long. The edges have ridges.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.6
Root system creeping-root fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.2
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in damp soil. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 2,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 3-9. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Well established and spreading in moist places in fertile soil, in disturbed forests, farmland, roadside ditches and in wasteland.
Wet meadows, pastures, woods, dune slacks etc. A common and rampant weed, avoiding acid soils.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-8

Usage

Uses environmental use forage medicinal poison
Edible leaves roots
Therapeutic use Analgesic (leaf), Antirheumatic (External) (leaf), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Gynecological Aid (leaf), Other (leaf), Poison (unspecified), Carcinoma (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity weak toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ranunculus repens habit picture by Meineke Dietlinde (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens habit picture by Massimo D'Angelo (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens habit picture by michel cosme (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ranunculus repens leaf picture by Kabilan Nadarajah (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens leaf picture by matmar (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens leaf picture by Luca Speciani (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ranunculus repens flower picture by L (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens flower picture by Andrea Monaldi (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens flower picture by franek (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ranunculus repens fruit picture by Oldak (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens fruit picture by cscoq (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus repens fruit picture by Laurent Neyens (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ranunculus repens world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Estonia, Finland, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Croatia, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Mexico, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:713678-1
WFO ID wfo-0000463198
COL ID 4RHKY
BDTFX ID 55340
INPN ID 117201
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ranunculus repens f. polypetalus Ranunculus pubescens Ranunculus schlechtendalii Ranunculus lagascanus Ranunculus belvisii Ranunculus semidecurrens Ranunculus repens Ranunculus prostratus Ranunculus intermedius Ranunculus clintonii Ranunculus lucidus Ranunculastrum repens Ranunculastrum reptabundum Ranunculus oenanthefolius Ranunculus caleyanus Ranunculus repens var. glabratus Ranunculus repens var. pleniflorus Ranunculus repens var. repens Ranunculus repens var. erectus Ranunculus repens var. villosus Ranunculus repens var. linearilobus Ranunculus repens var. major Ranunculus repens var. brevistylus

Lower taxons

Ranunculus repens var. flore-pleno