Ranunculus sardous Crantz

Hairy buttercup (en), Renoncule sarde (fr), Sardonie (fr), Renoncule de Sardaigne (fr), Renoncule des marais (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Ranunculus

Characteristics

Herbs annual. Stems ca. 40 cm, strigose, branched. Basal leaves ca. 6; petiole 6--7 cm; blade mostly ternate, ovate or broadly ovate, 1.8--2.6 × 1.6--2.9 cm, papery; central leaflet subpentagonal, petiolule 1--8 mm, base broadly cuneate, margin 3-partite, incised-lobulate; lateral leaflets smaller, subsessile or shortly petiolulate, oblique, unequally 3-cleft, simple, 3-lobed, to nearly 3-sect. Stem leaves long or shortly petiolate, ternate or 3-sect. Compound monochasium 2--5-flowered. Flowers ca. 1.8 cm in diam. Pedicel 1.5--4.5 cm, strigose. Receptacle pubescent. Sepals 5, narrowly ovate, ca. 6 mm, abaxially hispid. Petals 5, obovate, ca. 10 × 7 mm, nectary pit covered by a scale, apex rounded. Stamens numerous. Aggregate fruit ovoid, ca. 7 × 6 mm. Achene complanate, orbicular-obovate, ca. 2.5 × 2 mm, glabrous, verrucose along margin, narrowly marginate; style persistent, ca. 0.5 mm. Fl. May.
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Erect, pilose to rarely subglabrous annual (rarely developing short stolons in very wet sites); roots fibrous. Basal leaves with petioles 6–32 cm long; lamina triangular-ovate in outline, 2–8 cm long, deeply 3-lobed or trifoliolate, sometimes distinctly petiolulate; leaflets irregularly cut or toothed or crenate; cauline leaves shortly stalked or sessile and less divided. Flowering stem 5–18-flowered, hollow, 10–50 cm high. Sepals 5, reflexed, ovate, 4–7 mm long. Petals obovate, 8–14 mm long, pale yellow; nectary near petal-base, with lobe obovate to cuneate, c. 1 mm long, attached only at base. Stamens c. 40–60. Pistils 30–40. Receptacle hairy. Achenes in slightly elongated head, flattened, suborbicular, 2–2.5 mm long, greenish brown; faces with small obtuse tubercles near green margin, rarely smooth or evenly tuberculate; beak c. 0.5 mm long, curved upwards.
Annual; roots all fibrous. Stems stout, erect, hairy, 20-45 cm tall. Basal lvs deltoid, distinctly ternate, (2)-3-5-(8) × (2)-3-5-(8) cm; leaflets cuneate, (2)-3-lobed, toothed, hairy; middle leaflet distinctly stipitate and deeply 3-fid; petioles hairy, 6-15-(25) cm long. Cauline lvs similar to basal, but with narrower leaflets, becoming smaller. Fls (1)-6-15-(20) per stem, (12)-15-25 mm diam. Pedicels erect, hairy, sulcate, 3-6 cm long at fruiting. Sepals 5, hairy, deflexed at flowering, acute, c. 5 mm long. Petals 5, pale yellow, obovate, 8-10 × 6-7 mm; nectary single, basal, covered by an obtuse scale. Receptacle hairy. Achenes 30-40, glabrous, strongly flattened, distinctly bordered, broadly obovate to suborbicular; body 2-2.5 × 2-2.5 mm; face bluntly tuberculate near margin; beak curving upward, c. 0.5 mm long.
Stems nearly erect, hispid, base not bulbous. Basal and lower cauline leaf blades ovate to cordate, 3-foliolate, 2-6 × 2-6 cm, leaflets again parted, leaflet base truncate to acute, margins crenate-dentate to crenate-lobulate, apex rounded to obtuse. Flowers pedicellate; receptacle pilose; sepals 5, reflexed, 3-8 × 1.5-3 mm, pilose; petals 5, 7-10 × 4-8 mm. Heads of achenes globose or ovoid, 5-8 × 6-7 mm; achenes 15-35 per head, 2-3 × 2-3 mm, faces sparsely papillate or sometimes smooth, glabrous, margin smooth; beak oblong to deltate, curved, 0.4-0.7 mm.
Annual, usually several-stemmed, 1–6 dm, much branched above; principal lvs mostly clustered near the base, 3-parted, the terminal segment stalked, all segments broadly triangular-obovate, deeply lobed and incised; cauline lvs much smaller, with fewer and narrower segments; fls numerous, long-pedicellate; pet 5–8(–10) mm; receptacle hairy in fr; achenes 30–40, broadly obovate to subrotund, the margin smooth and sharply differentiated, the sides papillate; beak 0.2–0.5 mm; 2n=16, 48. Native of Europe, found here and there in our range as a weed. May–July.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.48
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Grows usually in irrigated pasture, ditches and other water-retentive places.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ranunculus sardous habit picture by Bernard Yor (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus sardous habit picture by Pedro Salgadinho (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus sardous habit picture by Gene Anderson (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ranunculus sardous leaf picture by jordan neveu (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus sardous leaf picture by Emanuele Santarelli (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus sardous leaf picture by Zsömbör Károly (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ranunculus sardous flower picture by Frank Kunick (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus sardous flower picture by Hilde Van Paepegem (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus sardous flower picture by Emanuele Santarelli (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ranunculus sardous fruit picture by Emanuele Santarelli (cc-by-sa)
Ranunculus sardous fruit picture by Sergio costantini (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ranunculus sardous world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Italy, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:713757-1
WFO ID wfo-0000463281
COL ID 4RHNX
BDTFX ID 55373
INPN ID 117221
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ranunculus subtrifolius Ranunculus palensis Ranunculus pseudobulbosus Ranunculus dulcis Ranunculus pallidus Ranunculus pallidior Ranunculus pseudohirsutus Ranunculus parvulus Ranunculus philonotis Ranunculus hirsutus Ranunculus xatardi Notophilus vulgaris Ranunculus apioides Ranunculus aggregatus Ranunculus agrarius Ranunculus pumilus Ranunculus pedunculatus Batrachium intermedium Ranunculus sardous subsp. laevis Ranunculus sardous var. pseudobulbosus Ranunculus sardous