Reynoutria japonica Houtt.

Japanese knotweed (en), Renouée du Japon (fr), Reynoutrie du Japon (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Polygonaceae > Reynoutria

Characteristics

Rhizomatous herb forming large clumps; stems usually 1-2-(2.5) m tall, c. 1.5 cm diam. at the woody base, ± zigzagging, glabrous, ± glaucous to reddish. Petiole 1-5.5 cm long, ± dark crimson, channelled above, with a single pit at base on dorsal side. Lamina 8-23 × 5-17 cm (infl. lvs often smaller and more elongated), broad-ovate, somewhat glaucescent below, with < 14 pairs of lateral veins, often minutely puberulent on veins near base above, otherwise glabrous, ± undulate; base usually truncate, sometimes shallowly subcordate especially on vegetative shoots; apex cuspidate. Ochreae to c. 3 cm long, deciduous, glabrous. Panicles with branches clustered, to 6 cm long, > petioles, erect or suberect, densely puberulent. Bracts small, glabrous or puberulent, cuspidate or cuspidate-acuminate. Pedicels > bracts, glabrous, jointed in lower 1/2. Perianth 1.5-2.5 mm long at anthesis (excluding decurrent base), white; segments obovate to oblong-obovate, keeled. Filaments to 2 mm long. Stigmas fimbriate. Valves of fr. 7-11 mm long (including broad wing); apex notched. Nut 2.5-3 mm long, obtusely angled, glossy brown.
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Herbs perennial. Rhizomes thickened. Stems numerous, erect, 1-2 m tall, stout, branched above, striate, papillate, often with red or purple spots. Leaves often deciduous; petiole 1-2 cm, papillate; leaf blade ovate or broadly elliptic, 5-12 × 4-9 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, papillate along veins, base broadly cuneate, rounded, or truncate, margin entire, apex acute or shortly acuminate, not ciliate. Inflorescence axillary, paniculate, 3-8 cm; bracts funnel-shaped, 1-2 mm, oblique, each 2-4-flowered. Pedicels 3-4 mm, slender, articulate below middle. Perianth white or greenish, 5-parted. Male flowers: stamens 8, longer than perianth. Female flowers: 3 outer tepals accrescent and winged on abaxial surface; styles 3; stigmas fimbriate. Achenes included in persistent perianth, black-brown, shiny, ovoid-ellipsoid, 4-5 mm. Fl. Jun-Sep, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 44, 52*.
A climbing herb which keeps growing from year to year. It grows 1-2 m tall. The roots are stiff and woody. They are hollow. Young roots have purplish spots on the surface. The leaves grown singly. They are 5-15 cm long by 1-1.5 cm wide. The leaves do not have hairs. The flowers are white. The fruit are triangular shaped.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 5.0
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It grows in forests and humid areas. It grows in wetlands. In Yunnan.
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Wet grassy places in lowland all over Japan.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The young shoots and leaves are eaten. They are treated like asparagus. The leaves are used for sarma in Turkey. They are rolled around a filling of rice or minced meat. They can be chilled and served with salad dressing. The young shoots can be used like rhubarb in pies, fruit soups, sweet sauces, jams and puddings. The rhizomes are sometimes eaten.
Uses animal food dye environmental use experimental purposes fiber food medicinal poison silage stabilisation of sandy soils
Edible fruits leaves rhizomes roots seeds shoots stems
Therapeutic use Abscess (unspecified), Alexiteric (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Appendicitis (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Ecchymosis (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Metroxenia (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Preventitive(Epidemic) (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Trauma (unspecified), Gonadotrophic (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Regeneration (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Reynoutria japonica habit picture by Matthias Foellmer (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica habit picture by Mathieu Neyret (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica habit picture by Denis Alkan (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Reynoutria japonica leaf picture by neven pausic (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica leaf picture by etienne minnen (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica leaf picture by Marie VAN DE GINSTE (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Reynoutria japonica flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica flower picture by Uschi Grünenwald (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Reynoutria japonica fruit picture by Gradwohl Markus (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica fruit picture by ELEJALDE Iñaki (cc-by-sa)
Reynoutria japonica fruit picture by Krzysztof Jakób (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Reynoutria japonica world distribution map, present in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:435655-1
WFO ID wfo-0000406106
COL ID 793ZB
BDTFX ID 55763
INPN ID 117503
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Reynoutria hachijoensis Reynoutria henryi Reynoutria japonica Polygonum reynoutria Polygonum cuspidatum Reynoutria uzenensis Reynoutria hachidyoensis Polygonum compactum Fallopia japonica Fallopia compacta Reynoutria compacta Tiniaria japonica Reynoutria hastata Pleuropterus cuspidatus Polygonum zuccarinii Pleuropterus zuccarinii Polygonum hachidyoense Fallopia japonica f. colorans Polygonum reynoutria f. colorans Polygonum sieboldii Fallopia japonica var. compacta Fallopia japonica var. hachidyoensis Fallopia japonica var. uzenensis Polygonum cuspidatum var. spectabile Reynoutria japonica var. compacta Reynoutria japonica var. spectabilis Reynoutria japonica var. hastata Reynoutria hachidyoensis var. terminalis Reynoutria japonica var. terminalis Reynoutria japonica var. uzenensis Fallopia japonica var. compacta