Rhachithecium perpusillum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth.

Rhachithecium moss (en)

Species

Bryophytes > Dicranales > Rhachitheciaceae > Rhachithecium

Characteristics

Plants minute to small, gregarious or caespitose, yellowish green above, yellowish brown below; corticolous. Stems erect, to 3.5 mm tall, branching by subperichaetial innovations; rhizoids brownish, smooth; in section round, central strand of hydroids present, cortical cells in 2-4 rows, thin-walled, epidermis not differentiated. Leaves ± crowded, larger above, erect-incurved when dry, erect-spreading when wet, keeled; oblong to oblong-spathulate to spathulate, (0.7-) 1.0-1.6(-1.8) mm long; apex subacute, mucronate or apiculate; margins plane, entire below, frequently crenulate to serrulate above, frequently flexuose. Costa ending well below apex, ventral superficial cells rectangular, dorsal superficial cells linear; in section crescent-shaped, ventral surface flat, laminal insertion ventral, 2 guide cells exposed ventrally, dorsal stereids in 2 or 3 rows, dorsal surface cells not differentiated. Upper laminal cells irregularly hexagonal, ± thin-walled, flat to bulging, 12-29 µm, smooth; basal cells yellowish, smooth, rectangular, thin-walled. Gemmae oblong, 3-5 cells long, 1 or 2 cells wide, 80-130 µm long, 30-50 µm wide, axillary on long stalks, yellowish or hyaline. Autoicous. Perigonia on short branches, gemmate; inner leaves concave, broadly ovate ± apiculate, 0.2-0.5 mm long. Perichaetia terminal; leaves yellowish or hyaline, sheathing, covering seta, 1.2-2.4 mm long, apex acute or acuminate, cells irregularly hexagonal or rhomboidal above, rhomboidal to rectangular below, thin-walled. Seta thick, 1.0-1.5 mm long, yellowish to brown, twisted anticlockwise above, straight to curved above, vaginula long. Capsule erect to inclined, ovate-cylindrical, contracted below mouth when dry, 0.5-0.8 mm long, brownish, strongly 8-ribbed, neck short; exothecial cells irregularly rectangular to quadrate, shorter at mouth, thin-walled, cells of ribs inflated, brownish or orange; stomata present on neck, phaneropore; annulus revolvable. Peristome teeth 16, in 8 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, brownish or orange, recurved when dry, incurved when wet, trabeculate, smooth. Operculum shortly conic-apiculate, apiculus oblique, 0.2-0.3 mm long. Calyptra 0.4-0.6 mm long, naked, cells prorate distally, yellowish brown. Spores (18.5-)22.0-31.0(-35.0) µm, minutely granulate to reticulate, brownish.
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Plants rarely to 4 mm. Stems typically unbranched. Leaves acute, to 1 × 0.3 mm, margin entire to crenulate; proximal cells to 45 × 12 µm; medial and distal cells quadrate to hexagonal, somewhat bulging, 15-25 µm wide, marginal cells often smaller, 6-12 µm; costa between 2/3 and 3/4 of leaf length. Specialized asexual reproduction by gemmae, cylindrical to slightly club-shaped, 1-2-seriate, to 160 µm, borne near the base of the leaf. Sexual condition autoicous. Sporophytes absent in range of the flora.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

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Distribution

Rhachithecium perpusillum world distribution map, present in Brazil and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID 35145107
WFO ID wfo-0001172424
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Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Tortula propagulosa Rhachithecium brasiliense Hypnodon transvaaliensis Zygodon perpusillus Rhachithecium perpusillum Hypnodon perpusillus