Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Rhaphiolepis

Characteristics

Shrubs, rarely small trees, to 4 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown when young, grayish brown when old, terete, initially brown tomentose, glabrous when old. Petiole 0.5–1.8 cm or nearly absent, slightly brown tomentose or, subglabrous; stipules caducous, lanceolate, sparsely brown tomentose, apex acuminate; leaf blade ovate, oblong, rarely obovate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, (2–)4–8 × 1.5–4 cm, leathery, veins prominent abaxially, reticulate veins conspicuous abaxially and conspicuous or not adaxially, abaxially pale, glabrous or sparsely tomentose, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, base attenuate, margin crenulate, serrate, or obtusely serrate, apex obtuse, acute, acuminate, or long caudate. Panicle or racemes terminal, many-or few flowered; peduncle and pedicels rusty tomentose; bracts and bractlets caducous, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 2–7 mm, both surfaces initially brown tomentose, densely so at margin, soon glabrescent, apex acuminate. Pedicel 0.5–1.5 cm, initially brown tomentose, soon glabrescent. Flowers 1–1.3(–1.5) cm in diam. Hypanthium tubular, brown tomentose at margin and on both surfaces or glabrous. Sepals triangular-lanceolate or linear, 4.5–6 mm, both surfaces slightly brown tomentose or glabrous, apex acute. Petals white or pinkish, obovate or lanceolate, 5–7 × 4–5 mm, pubescent basally, apex obtuse. Stamens 15, ca. as long as or shorter than petals. Ovary glabrous, 2-or 3-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2 or 3, connate at base, subglabrous. Pome purplish black, globose, 5–8 mm in diam., glabrous; fruiting pedicel 5–10 mm, glabrous; sepals caducous, leaving an annular ring. Fl. Apr, fr. Jul–Aug.
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Shrubs or small trees. Leaves more or less crowded, oblong to obovate-oblong, 3-7 by 1-2.5 cm, base gradually narrowed, margin serrate, apex acute to obtuse and acuminate, with c. 5 pairs of nerves, herbaceous to subcoriaceous, with some hairs when very young, soon glabrous. Petiole up to 0.5 cm long. Stipules small, caducous. Racemes compound, up to 13 cm long, the peduncle very short, rachises practically glabrous, pedicels up to 5 mm long. Flowers fragrant. Hypanthium 3-3.5 mm high, sparsely hairy outside. Sepals pointed-triangular, up to 5 by 1-1.5 mm long. Petals up to 6 mm long, usually white, sometimes pinkish. Ovary glabrous, styles loosely connate at base. Fruits globular, c. 6 mm diam., black when ripe.
An evergreen shrub. It grows 2 m tall. The leaves are leathery, simple and oval. They have teeth along the edge. The leaves are 5 cm long. They are dark green. The tips are pointed. The flowers are small and rose like. They are pink or white and occur in branched clusters. The fruit is a small purple or black fleshy fruit.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate to subtropical plant. It needs regular moisture but less when cool. It needs a moderately fertile, well-drained soil. It needs full sun. In China it grows between 700-1,600 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 8-11. Mt Cootha Botanical Gardens.
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Rocky hills, slopes, roadsides and streamside thickets at elevations of 100-1600 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The fruit are eaten.
Uses dye environmental use food medicinal ornamental
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. It can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Rhaphiolepis indica leaf picture by Kenneth Parker (cc-by-sa)
Rhaphiolepis indica leaf picture by Kenneth Parker (cc-by-sa)
Rhaphiolepis indica leaf picture by 道草 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rhaphiolepis indica flower picture by Chii Take (cc-by-sa)
Rhaphiolepis indica flower picture by Mairead Young (cc-by-sa)
Rhaphiolepis indica flower picture by Kenneth Parker (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rhaphiolepis indica fruit picture by Mairead Young (cc-by-sa)
Rhaphiolepis indica fruit picture by Matt Rupp (cc-by-sa)
Rhaphiolepis indica fruit picture by Thoxiii (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rhaphiolepis indica world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Japan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, New Zealand, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Rhaphiolepis indica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:731389-1
WFO ID wfo-0001016273
COL ID 4S4H5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447472
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata Opa japonica Rhaphiolepis japonica Opa metrosideros Syzygium metrosideros Raphiolepis indica Rhaphiolepis umbellata Rhaphiolepis integerrima Rhaphiolepis sinensis Mespilus sieboldii Rhaphiolepis loureiroi Rhaphiolepis mertensii Rhaphiolepis minor Rhaphiolepis x delacourii Crataegus sinensis Rhaphiolepis liukiuensis Rhaphiolepis impressivena Crataegus indica Laurus umbellata Crataegus rubra Mespilus sinensis Rhaphiolepis gracilis Rhaphiolepis parvibracteolata Rhaphiolepis rubra Rhaphiolepis rugosa Opa integerrima Opa mertensii Rhaphiolepis indica var. typica Rhaphiolepis indica var. integerrima Rhaphiolepis indica var. indica Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata Rhaphiolepis indica var. minor Rhaphiolepis indica

Lower taxons

Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata Rhaphiolepis indica var. liukiuensis Rhaphiolepis indica var. shilanensis