Rhizophora stylosa Griff.

Palétuvier à arceaux (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Rhizophoraceae > Rhizophora

Characteristics

Small tree up to 10 m tall; branching not primarily sympodial. Leaves broadly elliptic, 6½-12½ by 3½-6½ cm, apex blunt, base cuneate, midrib green; petiole 2½-3½ cm, green. Stipules 4-6 cm long. Inflorescences 3-4 times forked, each arm with an apical bracteolar involucre, (4-)5-8(-16)-flowered; peduncle 2.5-5 cm; pedicels ½-1 cm. Buds emerging from the involucre long before the falling of the sustaining leaf. Mature buds widest near the base. Calyx in anthesis pale yellow, lobes 9-12 by 3-5 mm. Petals c. 8 mm long, densely villose along the margins rarely also on the back, partly enclosing the epipetalous stamen with these margins, hairs 3-6 mm. Stamens 8, 4 epipetalous, 4 episepalous, anthers 5-6 mm long, apiculate, filament distinct, short. Superior part of the ovary depressed-conical, in anthesis enclosed by the disk, hardly 1.5 mm high; style filiform 4-6 mm, shortly and obscurely 2-toothed. Mature fruit obpyriform, with strongly contracted apex, not rugose, brown, 2½-4 by 1¾-2½ cm; cotyledons emerging for 1½-2½ cm from the calyx, green; hypocotyl cylindric, up to 54 cm by 12-16 mm before falling.
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Trees, often less than 8 m tall. Bark reddish or pale gray, rough. Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade obovate, 6.5-11 × 3-4(-5.5) cm, base broadly cuneate, apex mucronate. Inflorescences 2-to many flowered; peduncle 1-5 cm. Pedicel 5-10 mm, terete; bracteoles brown, connate. Calyx lobes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 9-12 × 3-5 mm. Petals to 1.2 cm, involute, margin densely villous. Stamens usually 8; filaments short but distinct; anthers 5-6 mm. Ovary emerging beyond disk, free part shallowly conic and less than 1.5 mm; style 4-6 mm; stigma lobes 2. Fruit green, conic, 2.5-3 × ca. 2 cm. Hypocotyl cylindric, 30-40 cm, apex acute. Fl. and fr. autumn-winter.
Tree to 30 m high but often below 8 m; bark rough, reddish or light grey. Leaves obovate; lamina 6–14 cm long, 4–8 cm wide, the underside evenly dotted with brown spots; petiole 1.5–3.5 cm long. Inflorescence 4–16-flowered; peduncle 1–5 cm long, c. 2 mm diam.; bracteoles united, the margins crenulate, brown; pedicels 5–10 mm long, terete. Petals up to 12 mm long, involute, densely villous along margins. Stamens usually 8; anthers 5–6 mm long; filaments short but distinct. Upper surface of ovary very shallowly conical, less than 1.5 mm high; style 4–6 mm long; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2.5–4 cm long. Hypocotyl 25–65 cm long, cylindrical, acute.
A mangrove. It grows 3-30 m tall. It has many stilt roots and aerial roots. The leaves are opposite and narrowly oval. The flowers occur as 2-14 together in a forking flower arrangement. The fruit are small and brown. They are 3-5 cm long. This sprouts while on the tree. The propagules (seedlings) are 20-60 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Beach fronts or lower tidal reaches, sometimes extending upstream along tidal waterways that remain brackish for most of the year. Often found on the seaward side of mangrove swamps in Fiji, less often along beaches.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in mangrove swamps in mud. It can grow in colder climates. It grows on corals and in sandy and stony soils. It can tolerate salt.
Exclusively along sandy shores and coral terraces, facing the open sea, obviously better resisting the surf than the other species.
Grows on sandy and coralline shores.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The hard timber is used for firewood and to make charcoal, the bark for tanning leather and a dye, and the fruit make a light wine Pike & Leach (1997: 25).
Uses animal food charcoal dye food fuel material medicinal timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 34
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Rhizophora stylosa fruit picture by Hugues Ferrand (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rhizophora stylosa world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, China, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guam, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Rhizophora stylosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:719845-1
WFO ID wfo-0001131597
COL ID 4SCVG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447469
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhizophora stylosa Rhizophora mucronata var. stylosa