Rhus glabra L.

Rocky mountain sumac (en), Sumac glabre (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Rhus

Characteristics

Usually a sparingly branched shrub, but sometimes to 6 m, vigorously colonial; petioles and younger branches glabrous and somewhat glaucous; lfls 11–31, lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 5–10 cm, acuminate, commonly serrate, much paler beneath; infl terminal, often 2 dm; frs 4–5 mm, somewhat flattened, bright red, densely beset with thick, minute red hairs 0.2 mm. Abundant in upland sites, old fields, roadsides, and margins of woods; N. Engl. and s. Que. to B.C., s. to n. Fla., Tex., and Mex. June, July. Forms with bipinnate lvs occur. A hybrid with no. 2 [Rhus typhina L.] has been called R. ×borealis (Britton) Greene.
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A bushy shrub. It grows 1.8-3.7 m tall. It spreads 2.4 m wide. The leaves are alternate and compound. The leaves are 30 cm long and there are 11-31 leaflets. The leaflets are smooth. They are 5-10 cm long. They have whitish hairs. The leaflets are sword shaped and have teeth along the edge. The leaves turn red and yellow in autumn. The flowers are 3 mm wide and have 5 white petals. They are crowded in large clusters 20 cm long. The fruit are scarlet and hairy. They occur in clusters. It will form hybrids with staghorn sumac.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.2 - 2.45
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. It grows especially on sandy soils. It grows up to about 2,000 m altitude in SE regions of the USA. It suits hardiness zones 2-9.
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Thickets and waste ground on dry soil and by streams. The best specimens are found in rich moist soil. Open woodlands, prairies, on dry rocky hillsides, and in canyons.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The berries are eaten. They can be dried. They are used to make a sour drink. The fruit are bruised in water, then the liquid strained through a cloth and sugar added. The raw young shoots are eaten as a salad. The peeled roots are eaten raw.
Uses bee plant beverage dye environmental use fiber food fuel material medicinal oil smoking social use wood
Edible barks fruits leaves roots shoots
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (bark), Gynecological Aid (bark), Ceremonial Medicine (bark), Hemostat (bark), Unspecified (bark), Heart Medicine (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Pediatric Aid (flower), Antiemetic (fruit), Urinary Aid (fruit), Cathartic (fruit), Ceremonial Medicine (fruit), Unspecified (fruit), Dermatological Aid (fruit), Hemostat (fruit), Antidiarrheal (fruit), Gynecological Aid (fruit), Antihemorrhagic (fruit), Other (leaf), Dermatological Aid (leaf), Unspecified (leaf), Oral Aid (leaf), Cold Remedy (root), Emetic (root), Antidiarrheal (root), Throat Aid (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Dietary Aid (root), Hemostat (root), Heart Medicine (root), Oral Aid (root), Analgesic (root), Diuretic (root), Gynecological Aid (root), Urinary Aid (root), Venereal Aid (root), Dermatological Aid (seed), Gynecological Aid (seed), Other (seed), Venereal Aid (seed), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Burn Dressing (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Oral Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Alterative (unspecified), Other (unspecified), Ear Medicine (unspecified), Eye Medicine (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Internal Medicine (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Fumitory (unspecified), Gargle (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Wart (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Adenopathy (unspecified), Lymphitis (unspecified), Skin (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -25
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Rhus glabra leaf picture by Rudd (cc-by-sa)
Rhus glabra leaf picture by Susan Mene (cc-by-sa)
Rhus glabra leaf picture by Cathy Rodriquez (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rhus glabra flower picture by Susan Mene (cc-by-sa)
Rhus glabra flower picture by Euphrosyne Beauchamp (cc-by-sa)
Rhus glabra flower picture by Clara Stevens (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rhus glabra fruit picture by Christian Kotara (cc-by-sa)
Rhus glabra fruit picture by Jacquie Clendenin (cc-by-sa)
Rhus glabra fruit picture by c amanda (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rhus glabra world distribution map, present in Canada, Italy, Mexico, and United States of America

Conservation status

Rhus glabra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:70565-1
WFO ID wfo-0001049359
COL ID 4SN3S
BDTFX ID 75789
INPN ID 117715
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rhus arbuscula Rhus arguta Rhus nitens Rhus petiolata Rhus tessellata Rhus aprica Rhus angustiarum Rhus oreophila Rhus calophylla Rhus hapemanii Rhus ithacensis Rhus macrothyrsa Rhus ludoviciana Rhus sandbergii Rhus borealis Rhus glabra f. laciniata Rhus glabra f. glabra Rhus glabra f. flavescens Rhus cismontana Toxicodendron glabrum Schmaltzia glabra Rhus asplenifolia Rhus atrovirens Rhus auriculata Rhus coccinea Rhus elegantula Rhus valida Rhus sorbifolia Rhus sanguinea Rhus media Rhus longula Rhus pulchella Rhus pyramidata Rhus sambucina Rhus occidentalis Rhus elegans Rhus caroliniana Rhus glabra var. glabra Rhus laevicaulis Rhus glabra var. laciniata Rhus glabra var. occidentalis Rhus glabra var. cismontana Rhus cismontana var. flavescens Rhus glabra

Lower taxons

Rhus glabra var. elegans