Rudbeckia laciniata L.

Greenheaded coneflower (en), Rudbeckia lacinié (fr), Rudbeckie découpée (fr), Rudbeckie laciniée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Rudbeckia

Characteristics

Perennials, 50–300 cm (rhizomes often elongate, slender, plants colonial, roots fibrous). Leaves green, blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, all but distalmost 1–2-pinnatifid or pinnately compound, leaflets/lobes 3–11, bases cuneate to attenuate or cordate, margins entire or dentate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or hairy (sometimes with translucent patches); basal (often withering before flowering) petiolate, 15–50 × 10–25 cm; cauline petiolate or sessile, mostly lobed to pinnatifid, sometimes not lobed, 8–40 × 3–20 cm. Heads (2–25) in loose, corymbiform arrays. Phyllaries to 2 cm (8–15, ovate to lanceolate, margins mostly ciliate, glabrous or hairy). Receptacles hemispheric or ovoid to globose; paleae 3–7 mm, apices (at least of proximal) truncate or rounded, abaxial tips densely hairy. Ray florets 8–12; laminae elliptic to oblanceolate, 15–50 × 4–14 mm, abaxially hairy. Discs 9–30 × 10–23 mm. Disc florets 150–300+; corollas yellow to yellowish green (lobes yellow), 3.5–5 mm; style branches 1–1.5 mm, apices acute to rounded. Cypselae 3–4.5 mm; pappi coroniform or of 4 scales, to 1.5 mm.
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Perennials, 50-200 cm tall. Leaves green; blade broadly ovate to lanceolate, all but distalmost ones 1-or 2-pinnatifid or pinnately compound; leaflets or lobes 3-11, glabrous or hairy, base cuneate to attenuate or cordate, margin entire or dentate, apex acute to acuminate; basal leaves petiolate, 15-50 × 10-25 cm; cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, mostly lobed to pinnatifid, sometimes not lobed, 8-40 × 3-20 cm. Capitula 2-25 in loose, corymbiform arrays; phyllaries 8-15, ovate to lanceolate, glabrous or hairy, margin mostly ciliate; receptacle hemispheric or ovoid to globose; paleae 3-7 mm, abaxially densely hairy at apex, apex truncate or rounded. Ray florets 8-12; corolla limb elliptic to oblanceolate, 15-50 × 4-14 mm, abaxially hairy. Disk 0.9-3 × 1-2.3 cm; disk florets numerous; corolla yellow to yellowish green, 3.5-5 mm; style branches 1-1.5 mm, apex acute to rounded. Achenes 3-4.5 mm; pappus coroniform or of 4 scales, to 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep.
Erect, rhizomatous perennial herb. Stems usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely clothed in short hairs, up to 2-(3) m tall. Lower and mid cauline lvs usually glabrous, sometimes moderately clothed in short hairs on lower surface and sparsely hairy on upper surface, petiolate, ovate-triangular, 2-pinnatisect, or 3-foliolate and leaflets 1-pinnatisect; segments ± entire to coarsely and irregularly serrate, (2)-4-16 cm long. Upper cauline lvs similar to lower but becoming shortly petiolate or apetiolate, smaller, and often 3-lobed or not lobed. Capitula c. 8-12 cm diam., in loose cymes. Involucral bracts in 1 row, glabrous, or ciliate to moderately hairy, narrow-lanceolate, subulate, or elliptic and narrowed to base, 8-20 × 3-5 mm. Receptacular scales membranous, with apices densely covered in short hairs. Ray florets 8-numerous, yellow; disc florets numerous, greenish yellow. Achenes brown, glabrous, 3.5-5 mm long; corona indistinct.
Perennial from a woody base, 5–30 cm; stem glabrous, often glaucous; lvs large, petiolate, coarsely toothed or laciniate, some or most of them pinnatifid or sometimes merely trilobed, subglabrous, or hairy beneath; disk yellow or grayish, 1–2 cm wide, hemispheric at first; rays drooping, lemon-yellow, 6–16, 3–6 cm; receptacular bracts blunt, distally viscidulous-canescent; pappus a short, usually toothed crown; 2n=36, 54, 72, 102+. Moist places; Que. to Fla., w. to Mont. and Ariz. July–Sept. Three vars. with us, a fourth cordilleran.
A daisy family plant. It grows 2-3 m high and spreads 0.9-2 m wide. It keeps growing from year to year. The leaves are deeply lobed or divided into leaflets along the stalk. They are blue-green and often hairy underneath. The flower heads are 12 cm wide. The flowers are yellow and yellow green in the centre.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 2.2 - 2.45
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It will grow in most moist soils. It needs an open sunny position. It is resistant to frost but sensitive to drought. It suits hardiness zones 3-9.
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Stream banks and moist places in rich low ground. Wet sites, along streams, edges of woods at elevations of 10-600 metres.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The leaves are cooked as a vegetable. They are boiled or fried. They are also dried and stored for later use. The young stems are eaten like celery.
Uses dye environmental use medicinal poison
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Veterinary Aid (root), Dietary Aid (unspecified), Burn Dressing (unspecified), Bright's Disease (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by division.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 5 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Rudbeckia laciniata habit picture by Laurie Smith (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata habit picture by 志埜杜 (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata habit picture by Jovica Sjeničić (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Rudbeckia laciniata leaf picture by Radu Nicolau (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata leaf picture by Keith Boyd (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata leaf picture by Kim Vaillancourt (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rudbeckia laciniata flower picture by Harry Schreurs (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata flower picture by Thierry S. (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata flower picture by Radu Nicolau (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rudbeckia laciniata fruit picture by Jani Zadrgal (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata fruit picture by Thibaut Durr (cc-by-sa)
Rudbeckia laciniata fruit picture by Moritz Reichard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rudbeckia laciniata world distribution map, present in Austria, Belgium, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Canada, Switzerland, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, Fiji, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:241716-1
WFO ID wfo-0000029196
COL ID 799R2
BDTFX ID 58565
INPN ID 119407
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rudbeckia laciniata Rudbeckia digitata Tithonia laciniata Rudbeckia quinata Helianthus laciniatus Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata Rudbeckia laciniata subsp. laciniata Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata

Lower taxons

Rudbeckia laciniata var. heterophylla Rudbeckia laciniata var. ampla Rudbeckia laciniata var. bipinnata Rudbeckia laciniata var. humilis