Rumex longifolius Dc.

Northern dock (en), Rumex à feuilles longues (fr), Patience à feuilles longues (fr), Patience à longues feuilles (fr), Oseille à feuilles longues (fr), Oseille à longues feuilles (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Polygonaceae > Rumex

Characteristics

Plants perennial, glabrous or very indistinctly papillose normally only on branches of inflorescence, or on veins of leaf blades abax-ially, with fusiform, vertical rootstock. Stems erect, branched distal to middle, 50-120(-160) cm. Leaves: ocrea deciduous or partially per-sistent at maturity; blade broadly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, normally 25-50(-60) × 7-15 cm, ca. 3-4 times as long as wide, base broadly cuneate, rounded-truncate, or slightly cordate, margins entire, undulate or weakly crisped, occasionally flat, apex acute or subacute. Inflorescences terminal, occupying distal 1/2 of stem, normally dense, narrowly paniculate, branches usually straight or arcuate. Pedicels articulated in proximal 1/ 3, filiform, 4-9 mm, articulation distinctly swollen. Flowers 10-20 in whorls; inner tepals broadly orbiculate or reniform, (4.5-)5-6(-7) × (4.5-)5-7(-7.5) mm, base usually distinctly cordate, margins entire or subentire to very weakly erose, flat, apex obtuse or, rarely, subacute; tubercles normally absent,sometimes with 1 indistinct tubercle or slightly thickened midvein less than 1-1.3 mm wide. Achenes dark brown or brown, (2.5-)3-3.5(-4) × 1.5-2 mm. 2n = 60.
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Herbs perennial. Stems erect, 60-120 cm tall, robust, glabrous, grooved, branched above middle. Basal leaves: petiole 5-15 cm; leaf blade oblong-lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, 20-35 × 5-10 cm, abaxially minutely papillate along veins, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate or rounded, margin slightly undulate to weakly crisped, apex acute or subacute; cauline leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, small, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute; ocrea fugacious, white, membranous. Inflorescence paniculate. Flowers bisexual. Pedicels slender, articulate below middle; articulation distinctly swollen in fruit. Inner tepals enlarged in fruit; valves broadly orbicular-reniform to orbicular-cordate, 5-6 × 6-7 mm, all without tubercles, sometimes 1 valve with small indistinct tubercle, net veined, base cordate, margin entire, apex obtuse. Achenes brown, shiny, narrowly ovoid, trigonous, 2-3.5 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 60.
Coarse perennial to 1.5 m; lower lvs narrowly oblong, broadest near the middle, tapering to an acute base; mature pedicels visibly jointed near the base; valves rotund to subreniform, 4–6 × 5–7 mm, entire or toothed, reticulate-veiny, without grains; 2n=40, 60. Native of n. Europe, sparingly intr. in our range, mainly toward the north. (R. domesticus)
A herb. It grows 1.5 m tall. The leaves are 4-30 cm long by 1-9 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.2
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

By rivers, in ditches and in damp grassy places. Moist valleys, forest margins, mountain slopes; at elevations from 100-3,000 metres. Waste places, roadsides, cultivated fields, river valleys, meadows; at elevations up to 1,000 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. In Argentina it grows below 400 m above sea level.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses dye leaf vegetable medicinal
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity skin-irritating (whole)
Animal toxicity weak toxic (whole)

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Rumex longifolius habit picture by soffie (cc-by-sa)
Rumex longifolius habit picture by Joanna Lovell (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Rumex longifolius leaf picture by Robert Klink (cc-by-sa)
Rumex longifolius leaf picture by Alan Hicking (cc-by-sa)
Rumex longifolius leaf picture by Corinne REMINIAC (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Rumex longifolius flower picture by Cesar Gonzalez (cc-by-sa)
Rumex longifolius flower picture by bio natalie (cc-by-sa)
Rumex longifolius flower picture by Niels Neuteboom (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Rumex longifolius fruit picture by Michael Holm (cc-by-sa)
Rumex longifolius fruit picture by pep (cc-by-sa)
Rumex longifolius fruit picture by Ross (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Rumex longifolius world distribution map, present in Andorra, Argentina, Belarus, Canada, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greenland, Croatia, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Norway, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Russian Federation, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:697266-1
WFO ID wfo-0000403459
COL ID 4TPRJ
BDTFX ID 58777
INPN ID 119525
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rumex domesticus Rumex hippolapathum Rumex longifolius