Salix polaris Wahlenb.

Polar willow (en), Saule (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Salicaceae > Salix

Characteristics

Plants 0.01-0.09 m, (dwarf), forming clones by rhizomes. Stems erect; branches red-brown, (often glaucous, dull), glabrous; branchlets brownish, glabrous. Leaves: stipules absent or rudimentary; petiole (deeply grooved), 1.3-10 mm, (glabrous adaxially); largest medial blade (deciduous in autumn, 2 pairs of secondary veins arising at or close to base, arcing toward apex), elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate, or subcircular, 5-32 × 7-18 mm, 1.1-2.8 times as long as wide, base convex, rounded, or cuneate, margins slightly revolute or flat, entire, ciliate, apex usually rounded or convex, sometimes retuse, abaxial surface (rarely glaucous), glabrous or pilose, adaxial slightly glossy, glabrous; proximal blade margins entire; juvenile blade glabrous. Catkins sometimes from subterminal buds; staminate 9-34 × 6-12 mm, flowering branchlet 1.5-14 mm; pistillate densely or moderately flowered (more than 15 flowers), stout to globose, 10-50 × 7-13 mm, flowering branchlet 1-12 mm; floral bract brown, black, or bicolor, 1.5-2.5 mm, apex rounded or convex, entire, abaxially sparsely hairy, hairs straight or wavy, (exceeding bract by 0.6-1.12-1.8 mm). Staminate flowers: abaxial nectary 0.3-0.7 mm, adaxial nectary oblong, narrowly oblong, square, or ovate, 0.5-1.4 mm, nectaries distinct; filaments usually distinct, sometimes connate proximally, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid or ovoid, 0.4-0.6 mm. Pistillate flowers: abaxial nectaries absent, adaxial nectary narrowly oblong, oblong, or ovate, 0.8-1.8 mm, longer than stipe; stipe 0.2-0.7 mm; ovary obclavate or pyriform, densely villous to pilose, hairs flattened, beak gradually tapering to or slightly bulged below styles; ovules 12-17 per ovary; styles connate to distinct 1/2 their lengths, 0.7-1.2 mm; stigmas flat, abaxially non-papillate with pointed tip, or slenderly to broadly cylindrical, 0.3-0.6(-0.7) mm. Capsules 4.8-8.25 mm. 2n = 76, 114.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.09
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

An arctic-alpine plant, found in moist late snowbed and snowflush areas, talus and scree slopes, sides of depressed center frost polygons, sedge meadows, and mud boils, calcareous tills, sandy marine silts; at elevations up to 1,800 metres.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 4-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses medicinal tea
Edible barks leaves shoots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Salix polaris unspecified picture

Distribution

Salix polaris world distribution map, present in Canada, Finland, Liberia, Mongolia, Norway, Russian Federation, Sweden, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:778516-1
WFO ID wfo-0000930064
COL ID 79DSP
BDTFX ID 122369
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Salix polaris Salix pseudopolaris Salix polaris var. selwynensis Salix polaris subsp. pseudopolaris