Sambucus africana Standl.

Species

Angiosperms > Dipsacales > Viburnaceae > Sambucus

Characteristics

Shrubby herb, 1·2–4 m. tall, the roots spreading horizontally and producing stems at intervals.. Stems mostly juicy but somewhat woody at the base, at first covered with multicellular hairs but later glabrous.. Leaves imparipinnate, attaining 75 cm. in length and 45 cm. in breadth (fide A. S. Thomas), (5–)6–11-foliolate; leaflets subsessile, occasionally apical one partly fused with a lateral, elliptic-oblong, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 4·5–18 cm. long, 1·3–8 cm. wide, acuminate, very unequally rounded at the base, finely and sharply toothed (the basal teeth often glandular), at first hairy, later glabrous above except for minute hairs on the main nerves, bullate, sparsely pubescent on the main nerves beneath which are slightly raised and reticulate; petioles 0·6–12 cm. long; stipules conspicuous, leafy, toothed (true nature uncertain); on the rhachis near the leaflet bases there are often glandular ? stipels.. Inflorescences corymbose, 7–15 cm. wide, ferruginous pubescent, subtended by 1–3-foliolate glandular-toothed leaves; bracts and bracteoles linear, small.. Calyx pinkish or purplish; tube ribbed; lobes triangular, ± 1 mm. long.. Corolla white or creamy-white; tube 1·5 mm. long; lobes elliptic, 4–6 mm. long, 3–3·5 mm. wide, induplicate-valvate in bud.. Fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 4·2–7 mm. long, 2·5–4 mm. wide, blue-black, 9–10-ribbed; fruiting pedicels purplish.. Pyrenes 3–4, bony, pale reddish-brown, linear-oblong, 4–5·5 mm. long, 1–3 mm. wide, somewhat trigonous in section.. Fig. 1.
More
A shrub. It grows up to 1-2 m high. It can grow 5 m high in warmer zones. The stem is juicy at first but then becomes woody. It is hollow or has a soft pith. The young shoots are hairy. The leaves have 6-11 leaflets along a 75 cm leaf. The leaflets are large with teeth along the edge. The leaflets are 12 cm long by 4 cm wide. One side of the leaflet is attached to the leaf stalk lower than the other. The leaf stalk is 12 cm long and with a leafy stipule at the base. The flowers are small and white. They are in a flattened head 7-15 cm across. The fruit is a small purple-black berry. It is edible. The berry is 7 mm across and ribbed. It contains 3-4 hard red seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It occurs in East Africa. It grows in upland grassland.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten.
Uses -
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. Seeds can be collected of plants when mature. Seed sould be sown as soon as it is collected.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Sambucus africana world distribution map, present in Kenya, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Uganda

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:149285-1
WFO ID wfo-0000439364
COL ID 79HY7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sambucus africana Sambucus ebulus var. africana Sambucus ebulus subsp. africana