Samolus valerandi L.

Seaside brookweed (en), Samole de valerand (fr), Mouron d'eau (fr), Samole de Valérand (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Primulaceae > Samolus

Characteristics

Glabrous annual herb with erect stems to 50 cm. high, simple or branched above.. Leaves in a more or less well-developed basal rosette and more or less numerous throughout the length of the stem, the lowermost spathulate and up to 12 cm. long, those above obovate or elliptic, shorter.. Flowers in terminal racemes up to 20 cm. long; pedicels ascending, up to 25 mm. long, more or less geniculate at the insertion of the bract at or slightly above the middle.. Calyx about 2 mm. long; lobes about half that length, ovate-deltoid, acute.. Corolla about 2 mm. long; lobes about 2/3 of that length, obovate.. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla-tube, about 1 mm. long; staminodes minute, about 0.2 mm. long.. Capsule-valves strongly reflexed after dehiscence.. Seeds about 0.6 mm. long.. Fig. 5.
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Plants annual, glabrous. Stems erect, 10--30(--40) cm, terete or obscurely angular. Basal leaves obovate to oblong-ovate, 1.2--6.5 X 0.7--3 cm, tapering to base forming a short winged petiole, margin entire, apex rounded to obtuse. Stem leaves smaller, short petiolate or sessile, apex obtuse to apiculate. Racemes loose, usually 8--20 cm, 10--20-flowered. Pedicel 6--12 mm; bracts lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, adnate to middle of pedicel. Calyx campanulate, ca. 1 mm, enlarging to 2--2.5 mm in fruit, parted to 1/3; lobes triangular. Corolla white, 2--3 mm in diam.; tube nearly as long as calyx; lobes ovate, apex obtuse. Capsule 2--3 mm in diam. 2n = 24, 26.
A low creeping herb which continues to grow from year to year. It grows 10-40 cm high. The stems may or may not be branched. The leaves are oval or spoon shaped. They are pale green in a ring near the base. The leaves up the stem are alternate. The flowers are white and cup shaped. They are 2-3 mm across. They are on loose racemes. The petals are joined for half their length.
Lowest stem leaves 5 cm. long or less, spathulate to suborbicular with a– short petiole; upper leaves decreasing in size, becoming bractiform, elliptic, sessile.
Stamens 5, c. 1 mm. long, inserted at the base of the corolla–tube; staminodes 5, subulate, inserted in the corolla–tube between the lobes.
Racemes many–flowered; pedicels with bract c. 1 mm. long inserted at or above the middle.
Calyx cup–shaped, with tube c. 1–5 mm. long and triangular lobes c. 1/ as long as tube.
Basal leaves up to 10 x 3 cm., fleshy, spathulate, tapering at the base into a petiole.
Corolla c. 2 mm. long, white, subcampanulate, with broadly spathulate lobes.
Capsule c. 3 mm. long, globose; valves strongly reflexed after dehiscence.
Seeds 0·3–0·6 mm. long, ± tetrahedral, minutely granular, dark brown.
Stems erect, simple or branched, leafy, arising from a basal rosette.
Glabrous annual herb up to 50 cm. tall.
A glabrous herb 1-3 ft. high
Style c. 0–5 mm. long.
Small white flowers
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread hydrochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.36
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in tropical and warm temperate places. It grows in wet often salty or calcareous locations often near streams or drains. It grows in hot arid places. In Pakistan it grows between 300-2,000 m altitude. It can tolerate some shade. It can grow in arid places. It can tolerate some salt. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 3,000 m above sea level.
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Wet places, especially near the sea, also in shallow water, avoiding acid soils and shade. Water level on stream banks, in swamps, in drying riverbeds, along coasts and in dunes at elevations up to 3,000 metres in tropical Africa.
Wet places, especially near the sea, also in shallow water, avoiding acid soils and shade.
In damp places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-12
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 4-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The young leaves are eaten cooked or raw.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal ornamental
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Cancer (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. Seeds need light to germinate.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 16 - 24
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Samolus valerandi habit picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Samolus valerandi leaf picture by marc thabouret (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi leaf picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi leaf picture by Figueras Tudela (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Samolus valerandi flower picture by Patrick Nard (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi flower picture by Vincent Herledan (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi flower picture by Patrick Nard (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Samolus valerandi fruit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi fruit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)
Samolus valerandi fruit picture by Alain Lagrave (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Samolus valerandi world distribution map, present in Brazil, China, France, Malaysia, Pakistan, and United States of America

Conservation status

Samolus valerandi threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:62325-3
WFO ID wfo-0000503444
COL ID 6XHSW
BDTFX ID 60266
INPN ID 120732
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Samolus valerandi Samolus geniculatus Samolus bracteolosus Samolus bracteatus Anagallis aquatica Samolus caulescens Samolus americanus Samolus aquaticus Samolus valerandi var. floribundus Samolus valerandi var. americanus Samolus valerandi var. valerandi