Sapindus rarak Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Sapindus

Characteristics

Tree, up to 42 m high, dbh up to 1 m. Branchlets terete, up to 1 cm thick, inconspicuously lenti-cellate, brownish to blackish, fulvous tomentellous, glabrescent. Leaves (7-)9-13-jugate, up to 50 cm long, glabrous; petiole ± terete, somewhat flattened and thickened at base, up to 9 cm long; rachis not winged; petiolules 2-5 mm long. Leaflets subop-posite to alternate, lanceolate-ovate, mostly oblique and slightly falcate, 7-16 by 2-3.5 cm, chartaceous; base very oblique, lower half acute, upper half rounded-attenuate to cuneate; apex obtuse to tapering acute-acuminate, mucronate; midrib slightly raised above, more strongly so beneath, nerves many, rather dense, oblique, curved, not joined, rather well developed, prominulous on both surfaces, like the intermediate veins and rather densely reticulate veinlets. Inflorescences up to c. 35 cm long, densely fulvous-to ferrugineous-tomentel-lous. Flowers zygomorphic, white. Sepals flat, hardly petaloid, outside densely appressed fulvous-hairy, outer broad-ovate to suborbicular, 2-3 by 1.5-2 mm, inner obovate, 3-4 by 1.8-2 mm. Petals 4, lanceolate-ovate to elliptic, 3 by 1-2 mm, short-clawed, outside densely appressed long fulvous-hairy, woolly along the margin; scale ⅓ shorter than the petal, of about the same shape, truncate and slightly incurved at apex, along the margin and especially at the apex densely woolly. Disc semi-annular, glabrous. Stamens: filaments densely long-hairy outside and along the margin, the apical part excepted, in male flowers 2.5 mm, in female ones 1.2-1.5 mm; anthers 0.3-0.5 mm, in male flowers glabrous, in female ones sparsely hairy. Pistil glabrous, 3.5-4 mm. Fruits: parts subglobular, 2 by 1.8 cm, carinate, red, glabrous. Seeds sub-globular, 1.2-1.5 cm diam.
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Trees, deciduous, ca. 20 m tall. Branches strong, stout, grooved, grayish yellow pubescent when young. Leaves with petiole 25-40 cm or longer, axis terete, often red when dry; leaflets 7-12 pairs, subopposite; petiolules 5-8 mm; blades adaxially slightly shiny, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, sometimes falcate, 7-13 × 1.5-4 cm, usually thinly papery, glabrous or densely appressed villous, lateral veins very dense, slender, slightly prominent on both surfaces, base obtuse, apex acute or sometimes nearly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, erect, tower-shaped, main rachis deeply grooved, shortly golden tomentose. Flowers zygomorphic, slightly large; buds broadly ovoid. Pedicels ca. 1.5 mm. Sepals 5, oblong or broadly ovate, larger ones ca. 3 mm, subleathery, abaxially golden sericeous-tomentose. Petals 4, oblanceolate, ca. 3.8 mm, tomentose; scales large, nearly as long as 2/3 of petals, margin densely villous. Disk semilunar, thick. Filaments densely shortly hispid. Fertile schizocarps dark red or orange-red, globose, ca. 2.5 cm in diam. Fl. summer, fr. early autumn.
A tree. It loses its leaves during the year. It grows 20-42 m tall. The trunk can be 1 m across. The branches are strong, stout and grooved. They have yellowish hairs when young. The leaves are large and compound. They are 50 cm long. There are 7-12 pairs of almost opposite leaflets. These are 7-13 cm long by 2-4 cm wide. The flowering shoots are near the ends of branches and are erect and tower-shaped. The fruit are dark red and round. They are 2.5 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 25.0 - 36.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. In China it grows between 500-2,100 m above sea level. In XTBG Yunnan.
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A canopy tree of sparse forests at elevations of 500-2,100 metres in southern China.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses Wood hard, but not durable. Fruits and seeds used like those of S. saponaria. See Heyne Nutt. Pl. Indon. ed. 3 1950 988 Burkill Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1935 1958
Uses environmental use food material medicinal poison wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Molluscacides (fruit), Cosmetic (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Pimple (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Shampoo (unspecified), Soap (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or suckers.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Sapindus rarak world distribution map, present in Bhutan, China, Spain, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Seychelles, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Sapindus rarak threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:784673-1
WFO ID wfo-0001135253
COL ID 6XLBT
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sapindus pinnatus Cupania oblongifolia Dittelasma rarak Dittelasma rarak Sapindus rarak Sapindus rarak var. rarak Sapindus rarak var. velutina