Saraca asoca (Roxb.) J.j.de Wilde

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Saraca

Characteristics

Tree up to 10 m tall and 10 cm in diam., sometimes shrub or medium-sized shrub, 4.5 m tall. Leaves (l-)4-6-jugate, subsessile to shortly petioled; (petiole and) rachis (0.5-)7-15(-30) cm long. Leaflets chartaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, or lanceolate, (3.5-)7-18(-26) by (1 — )3 — 5( — 9) cm, the lowest pair usually smaller; glabrous; apex acuminate; base cuneate, obtuse, or rounded, symmetric, rarely the lowest pair obscurely subcordate; midrib slightly elevated above, prominent beneath; nerves 5-9(-12) per side; subsessile to petiolules 2-5 mm. Inflorescences 1.5-12(-20) cm wide, glabrous, main branches up to c. 6 cm long, 1.5-2 mm diam.; bracts broadly ovate, ovate or obovate, 1-6 by 1 — 3.5( — 5) mm, caducous or persistent, puberulous and/or minutely ciliate on the margin; bracteoles persistent during anthesis, erect, embracing the pedicel, never spreading more than 45° from the pedicel, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 2-7 by 1.5-4 mm, sparsely puberulous, subglabrous or glabrous except minutely ciliate on the margin; pedicels 8-18 mm, the length between bracteoles and flower (4-)7-10 mm. Flowers obscurely or not articulated near the base, subglabrous or glabrous, orange yellow, when older deep orange or orange red, fragrant during the night. Hypanthium 9-20 mm long, 1-3 mm wide at the throat. Calyx lobes elliptic or obovate, 7-13 by 5-9 mm. Stamens (5 — )6 — 8( — 10); filaments (10-) 17-25 mm, glabrous; anthers ellipsoid or oblong, 1.5-2 mm long; staminodes 0-2. Pistil stipitate, free part of stipe 2-4 mm, hairy; ovary 4-6 mm long, puberulous, 8-10(-12)-ovuled; style 15-20 mm, glabrous; stigma capitellate. Pods oblong or elongate-oblong (sometimes slightly curved), or scimitar-shaped, 12.5-25 by 3.5-6.5 cm, c. 1 cm thick, leathery or woody, (l-)4-6-(or more-)seeded, with straight or curved, up to c. 1 cm long beaked apex, and cuneate or obliquely rounded base, valves coiling. Seeds oblong-ellipsoid, sometimes slightly reniform, 2-3 by 1.25-2 cm, and 0.6-1 cm thick.
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A small evergreen tree. It grows 6-9 m high. The bark is dark brown. The leaves are compound and 30 cm long. There are 4 pairs of leaflets. These are oval and pointed. They can be 25 cm long by 6 cm wide. New leaves are pink. The flowers have a scent. The flowers are orange-yellow. They are in flat topped arrangement 7.5-10 cm across. The individual flowers are 2.5 cm long. The fruit are leathery pods. These are red but turn grey at maturity. They are 5-15 cm long by 2.5 cm wide. They are pointed at the tip. There are 4-8 grey seeds. The pods split into 2 halves and curl up on ripening.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer present
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. In the eastern Himalayas it grows up to 750 m altitude. It needs to be sheltered from hot winds. It is best in a lightly shady place.
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Lowland evergreen forests; at elevations up to 750 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

UsesThe species is frequently planted near shrines, occasionally in gardens and villages as an ornamental. Its bark, leaves and flowers said to have medicinal properties [ Burkill Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1935 1964 Chadha et al. Wealth of India 9 1972 232-274 ].
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The seeds are chewed in place of betel nut. The young tender leaves are cooked with meat.
Uses fodder material medicinal ornamental religious shade stimulant support timber wood
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Abdominal swelling (bark), Muscular injury (bark), Abdominal pain (bark), Acne vulgaris (bark), Amenorrhea (bark), Anthelmintics (bark), Antineoplastic agents (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Appetite stimulants (bark), Astringents (bark), Colic (bark), Demulcents (bark), Dysentery (bark), Dysmenorrhea (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Emollients (bark), Fractures, bone (bark), Hematologic diseases (bark), Hemorrhoids (bark), Hemostatics (bark), Infection (bark), Leukorrhea (bark), Menopause (bark), Menorrhagia (bark), Menstruation disturbances (bark), Neoplasms (bark), Pain (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Thirst (bark), Ulcer (bark), Urinary retention (bark), Uterine diseases (bark), Vomiting (bark), Cooling effect on body (bark), Amenorrhea (flower), Colic (flower), Diabetes mellitus (flower), Dysentery (flower), Dysmenorrhea (flower), Dyspepsia (flower), Hemorrhage (flower), Hemorrhoids (flower), Inflammation (flower), Leukorrhea (flower), Lymphadenitis (flower), Menopause (flower), Menorrhagia (flower), Menstruation disturbances (flower), Pain (flower), Scabies (flower), Syphilis (flower), Thirst (flower), Urinary retention (flower), Uterine diseases (flower), Vomiting (flower), Colic (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Dysmenorrhea (leaf), Dyspepsia (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Leukorrhea (leaf), Menopause (leaf), Menorrhagia (leaf), Menstruation disturbances (leaf), Mouth diseases (leaf), Pain (leaf), Urinary retention (leaf), Uterine diseases (leaf), Vomiting (leaf), Colic (seed), Diuretics (seed), Dysentery (seed), Dysmenorrhea (seed), Dyspepsia (seed), Fractures, bone (seed), Hemorrhoids (seed), Leukorrhea (seed), Menopause (seed), Menorrhagia (seed), Menstruation disturbances (seed), Pain (seed), Urinary bladder calculi (seed), Urinary bladder diseases (seed), Urinary retention (seed), Urination disorders (seed), Uterine diseases (seed), Vomiting (seed), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Androgenic (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Menorrhagia (unspecified), Oxytoxic (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Pimple (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Uterotonic (unspecified), Endorrhagia (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Genital diseases, female (unspecified), Hemostasis (unspecified), Infertility, female (unspecified), Urogenital system (unspecified), Uterine diseases (unspecified), Uterine hemorrhage (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is easily grown from seed. It can also be grown from stem cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Saraca asoca leaf picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Saraca asoca flower picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Saraca asoca world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Papua New Guinea

Conservation status

Saraca asoca threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:517883-1
WFO ID wfo-0001060024
COL ID -
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Saraca asoca