Saraca indica L.

ashoka (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Saraca

Characteristics

Tree to 24 m tall and 34 cm in diam. Leaves (l-)2-4(-7)-jugate, subsessile to short-ly petioled; petiole and rachis (0.5-)7-25(-35) cm long. Leaflets chartaceous or subcoriaceous, elliptic-oblong or-lanceolate, or lanceolate, (5-)15-20(-30) by (1.5 — )3.5 — 6 (-11) cm, the lowest pair usually smaller; glabrous; apex acuminate; base cuneate, ob-tuse, or rounded, symmetric, rarely the lowest pair obscurely subcordate; midrib slightly elevated above, prominent beneath; nerves 5-11 per side; petiolules (0-)4-10 mm. Inflorescences up to 10(-22) cm wide, slightly pubescent or subglabrous, main branches up to c. 14 cm long, 1.5-5 mm diam.; bracts elliptic or ovate-oblong, 3-8 by 1.5-4.5 mm, caducous or persistent, puberulous and/or minutely ciliate on the margin; bracteoles caducous or persistent during anthesis, erecto-patent to spreading, broadly elliptic or ovate, 3-8 by 1.5-5 mm, glabrous or minutely ciliate on the margin; pedicels (4-) 12-20(-35) mm, the length between bracteoles and flower 7-10(-14) mm. Flowers orange yellow, to deep orange or purple, or red, articulated near the base, glabrous. Hypanthium 9 — 12( — 16) mm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide at the throat. Calyx lobes ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 5-12 by 2-8 mm. Stamens (5 or) 6-8(-10); filaments 10-35 mm, often puberulous at the basal parts; anthers ellipsoid or oblong, c. 1 mm long; staminodes absent. Pistil stipitate, free part of stipe 1.5-4.5 mm, hairy; ovary 4-8 mm long, puberulous, 6-8-ovuled; style 15-35 mm, glabrous; stigma minute, round. Pods dark red, oblong, or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 6-25 by 2-6 cm, 0.5-1.2 cm thick, leathery or woody, 4-6(-8)-seeded, with straight or curved, up to c. 1 cm long beaked apex, and cuneate or obliquely rounded base, valves coiling. Seeds ovoid-oblong, sometimes reniform, 4-5 by 2-2.5 cm, and 0.6-1.2 cm thick.
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An evergreen tree. It grows to 20 m tall. The bark can be dark brown or almost black. The leaves are divided into 3-6 pairs of leaflets. Each leaflet is oblong and 10-20 cm long by 2-3 cm wide. When young they hang down and are copper coloured. The flowers are orange and do not have petals. They often arise from branches from the wood. The fruit are on stalks 6-25 cm long. They are flat pods which are 10-20 cm long by 3-5 cm wide. They are leathery with 3-5 compressed seeds.
A small evergreen tree.. Leaflets 3–6 pairs, oblong-lanceolate acuminate.. Short corymbose panicles of orange to deep pink or scarlet flowers with a narrow elongate hypanthium, four conspicuous sepals and exserted stamens.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It needs shade and moist well-drained soil. It is native in India, Thailand and Indonesia. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
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Evergreen forests, usually by streams and on riverbanks, at elevations up to 900 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

UsesCommonly cultivated as an ornamental [ Burkill Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1935 1964 ].
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The flowers and leaves are cooked as a vegetable.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal ornamental wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves nuts
Therapeutic use Gynecopathy (unspecified), Uterus (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Saraca indica leaf picture by Andreas Vogelsinger (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Saraca indica flower picture by qdp (cc-by-sa)
Saraca indica flower picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)
Saraca indica flower picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Saraca indica fruit picture by naz karlozz (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Saraca indica world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Egypt, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Singapore, Seychelles, Thailand, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Saraca indica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:517899-1
WFO ID wfo-0000170646
COL ID 79KLY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447047
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Jonesia pinnata Saraca kunstleri Saraca arborescens Saraca lobbiana Saraca bijuga Saraca minor Saraca pierreana Jonesia minor Saraca indica var. bijuga Saraca indica var. zollingeriana Saraca minor var. bijuga Saraca harmandiana Saraca indica