Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Sm.

Species

Pteridophytes > Schizaeales > Schizaeaceae > Schizaea

Characteristics

Rhizome 3-6 cm below surface of ground, creeping, sometimes to 6 cm or more long, densely covered with coarse shining brown hairs 2-3 mm long. Stipes commonly 15-30 cm long (extremes 10-50 cm), narrowly winged towards apex; frond commonly 10-20 cm long and wide, dichotomously branched 2-8 times, the basal branches like the stipe, the distal ones gradually with wider wings and 1-1.5 mm wide, lacking a prominent costa on the lower surface; all parts with scattered small projections which are the bases of glandular hairs; sorophores occupying the distal 3-5 mm of each branch of the frond, 5-10 pairs, the lowest 3-4 mm long, upper ones smaller, edges hairy; sporangia in two rows, mixed with conspicuous long brown hairs; spores smooth or minutely granular.
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Rhizome short-creeping, densely clothed with glossy dark brown hairs. Fronds clustered, erect, (3.5–) 10–50 cm long, scabrid; unbranched portion 1–2 mm wide, subterete, flattened on 1 side, brown near base, clothed with long brown hairs, green above; hairs scattered; sterile frond shorter than sporogenous frond, dividing above middle into a dichotomously branched, flabellate portion, with 20–180 flat asperous acute branchlets; sporogenous frond similar, but branching more open; sporogenous heads 7–15 mm long, 1–3 times longer than broad; segments 3–9 mm long, scabrid; margins with numerous long hairs. Sporangia mixed with hairs.
Rhizome shortly creeping, bearing 1 or 2(-5) erect fronds; hairs on rhizome and stipe bases multicellular, brown to pale brown, ca. 3 mm. Fronds fan-shaped; undivided portion 20-50 cm; stipe not winged and barely distinct from winged portion or lamina, sparsely hairy; upper portion 2-8 times dichotomously divided, lamina-like with lobes 1-1.5 mm wide; whole lamina 10-30 × 7-20 cm, somewhat variable in size. Sporangium-bearing lobes 5-10 pairs arranged pinnately at apex of ultimate frond lobes, lowest ones largest, 3-4 mm; sporangia in 2 regular rows on lobes, with long brown paraphyses.
Rhizome up to 10 mm. diam., clad in dark brown hairs. Stipes (including branches) 15-35 cm. long, about 1 mm. diam., smooth, erect, strict, channelled; branches dichotomous, 4-10 or more, up to 10 cm. long, rather broadly winged, flabellately arranged, with spread of 5-10 cm. or more, narrowed to laminae. Laminae 3-5 mm. long; segs stalked, spreading, about 2 mm. long, fringed. Sporangia distinctly under 0·5 mm. diam.
A fern. It grows 20-40 cm tall. The segments are twice branched.
Life form -
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
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Mature height (meter) 0.12 - 0.23
Root system rhizome
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Environment

In lightly shaded places, or sometimes in forest, often (always?) in sandy ground, sealevel to 1000 m, rarely abundant.
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Grows in vine scrub, sclerophyll and mixed rainforest and coastal heathlands particularly in sandy soils.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses. Heyne records medicinal use (in Billiton) for coughs and affections of the throat and also in childbirth.
Uses animal food food medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Cough (unspecified), Parturition (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Throat (unspecified)
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Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Images

Habit

Schizaea dichotoma habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Schizaea dichotoma habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Schizaea dichotoma habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Schizaea dichotoma leaf picture by Zoé Thivet (cc-by-sa)
Schizaea dichotoma leaf picture by Zoé Thivet (cc-by-sa)
Schizaea dichotoma leaf picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)

Flower

Schizaea dichotoma flower picture by Caroillon Jacques (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Schizaea dichotoma world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Cook Islands, Algeria, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guam, Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Myanmar, Mauritius, Malaysia, Niue, New Zealand, Philippines, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17220420-1
WFO ID wfo-0001107476
COL ID 6XW2Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 454747
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lophidium dichotomum Schizaea copelandica Schizaea biroi Schizaea kikuzatonis Schizaea dichotoma Osmunda dichotoma Ripidium dichotomum Schizaea forsteri Acrostichum dichotomum Schizaea cristata Schizaea dichotoma var. forsteri