Schotia afra Thunb.

Hottentot's bean (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Schotia

Characteristics

Much-branched shrub or small tree up to 7 m high with a somewhat spreading crown; trunk often gnarled. Bark usually rough, brown or greyish-brown; young branchlets glabrous to finely pubescent, sometimes festooned with lichens; lateral branchlets sometimes rigid and ± pointed apically. Leaves glabrous to finely pubescent: petiole 2-4 mm long; rhachis 2-8.5 cm long, channelled above, rarely narrowly winged; leaflets 6 (very rarely fewer)-18 pairs, usually opposite, sessile, linear or oblong to elliptic or ± ovate, sometimes slightly falcate, 5-17(20) mm long, 1-10 mm wide, often oblique basally, apex obtuse, usually mucronate, glabrous throughout or finely pubescent. Stipules ovate, acuminate, up to 2 mm long, deciduous. Inflorescence a many-flowered congested subglobose panicle, borne on short lateral branchlets or, rarely, terminal; branches of inflorescence abbreviated, usually hidden by the flowers, glabrous to finely pubescent. Flowers on pedicels 3-9 mm long; bracts small, scale-like, deciduous. Calyx red, leathery; tube obconical to cylindrical, 3-8 mm long, 3-5 mm wide; lobes usually 4, sometimes one lobe emarginate apically or rarely divided to the base to give 5 lobes, obovate to oblong, 6-11 mm long, 5-10 mm wide. Petals 5, red to pink, oblanceolate, slightly clawed, 10-18 mm long, 3-7 mm wide, veined, often pubescent on the inner surface. Stamens 10; filaments free to the base, 15-20 mm long, exceeding the corolla by 3-8 mm; anthers elliptic, 2 mm long. Ovary obliquely-oblong, compressed 5-7 mm long, ±2 mm wide, on a stipe 5-6 mm long; style 8-14 mm long. Pods as in generic description, (3.1)5-15 cm long, (1.8)3-4.5(6) cm wide. Seeds pale brown, ovoid to roundish, 12-18 mm long, 8-16 mm wide, 5-7 mm thick, aril very small or absent.
More
A small, many-branched tree 3-5 m in height, often shrubby, with a twisted, gnarled trunk and stiff, pale branches. Bark: charcoal-grey, rather smooth, the larger stems tending to be cracked and fissured longitudinally. Leaves: fine and feathery, tending to be crowded on short spur-branchlets which are sometimes spine-tipped, with 6-18 pairs of leaflets; leaflets small, linear to oblong, 0.5-2.5 x 0.15-1 cm, dark green; apex very broadly tapering to rounded; base rounded, asymmetric; margin entire; petiole 2-4 mm long. Flowers: very showy, producing red splashes of colour in the dry countryside; sepals red; petals usually red but sometimes pink, up to 2.5 cm long; stamens free; in dense, branched heads or panicles about 7-8 cm long, on short spur-branchlets or, very occasionally, terminal. Fruit: a woody pod, shortly oblong, 5.5-12 x 3-3.5 cm, the hard rim persisting. Seeds: roundish, slightly flattened, pale brown, without yellow aril.
A shrub or much branched small tree. It grows up to 6 m tall. It has several stout, thick, twisted stems. The leaves are usually dark green. The smooth grey twigs can be seen among the leaves. The leaves divide once. There is a pair of leaflets at the end and the leaflets tend to fold up along the midrib. The midrib is sometimes winged. There are 6-8 pairs of leaflets. They vary from 6-25 mm long. The flowers are red. They occur in bunches on short woody side twigs. The flowers have 5 petals. The pods are 5-13 cm long and 4 cm wide. They are hard and woody. There are several round brown seeds. They are edible.
Much-branched shrub or small tree, up to 3-5 m high; crown spreading. Bark rough, brown. Leaflets 6-18 pairs, opposite, sessile, linear or oblong-elliptic, oblique basally, apex obtuse, mucronate, ± pubescent. Inflorescence a many-flowered, congested, subglobose panicle, on short lateral branches. Flowers scarlet or pink. Calyx coriaceous; tube obconical, lobes usually 4 (sometimes one emarginate or divided to base to give 5 lobes), obovate to oblong. Flowering time all year, mostly Sept.-Jan.
Much-branched shrub or tree, 3-5 m tall, trunk gnarled, with charcoal-grey bark. Leaves crowded on short spur-branchlets, pinnate, leaflets in 12-18 pairs, linear to oblong. Flowers in congested, branched heads or panicles, up to 25 mm long, showy, red or occasionally pink. Pod shortly oblong, woody, with a persistent hard rim.
Much-branched shrub or tree, 3-7 m. Leaves pinnate, leaflet pairs 6-18. Flowers in congested panicles, red or pink, filaments free.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in coastal districts in South Africa. It grows in dry stony soils. It grows between sea level and 1,250 m above sea level. It is tolerant to drought and frost. It can grow in arid places. Brisbane Botanical Gardens. Hobart Botanical Gardens.
More
Found chiefly in dry karroid valley bush-veld and scrub and in dry broken country, but it occupies a diverse range of habitats. Often found along the banks of dry streams and small rivers.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-10
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The seeds are eaten raw or cooked. The outer bitter skin is removed. Sometimes the seed are ground into flour.
Uses animal food environmental use food fuel material medicinal poison vertebrate poison wood
Edible pods seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees can be grown from seed. The seeds germinate irregularly. Seedlings transplant easily.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Schotia afra leaf picture by Uterb (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Schotia afra world distribution map, present in Namibia and South Africa

Conservation status

Schotia afra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:518033-1
WFO ID wfo-0000170677
COL ID 4VFKM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Schotia afra Guillandinodes afra Guaiacum afrum

Lower taxons

Schotia afra var. afra