Plants spreading; rhizomes tough, slender. Culms: fertile ones upright or nearly so; nodes without axillary bulblets. Leaves 4–8 per culm; sheaths of proximal leaves green or brownish; proximal sheaths and blades with septa few, inconspicuous; blades 13–26 cm × 3–7 mm. Inflorescences terminal, rarely also with 1 lateral inflorescence from distal leaf axil; rays ascending to divaricate, smooth or weakly scaberulous near nodes, rays without axillary bulblets; bases of involucral bracts green or speckled with red or black-margined, not glutinous. Spikelets in dense clusters of 2–20 (largest cluster with 10 or more), spikelets sessile, ovoid or narrowly ovoid, 2.5–6 × 1–3 mm; scales black with pale midribs, elliptic to ovate, 1.5–2.7 mm, apex mucronate to short-awned, mucro or awn 0.2–0.4 mm. Flowers: perianth bristles persistent, 6, slender, contorted, much longer than achene and projecting beyond it, with scattered, often inconspicuous, antrorse teeth in distal 1/2, enclosed within scales or some bristles projecting; styles 3-fid. Achenes pale to medium brown, obovate or elliptic in outline, plumply trigonous or plano-convex, 0.9–1.3 × 0.6–0.8 mm.
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