Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth

Woolgrass (en), Scirpe faux-souchet (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Cyperaceae > Scirpus

Characteristics

Cespitose perennial, forming dense tussocks on short tough rhizomes; stems to 2 m; principal blades 3–10 mm wide; bracts lf-like, unequal, spreading, usually drooping at the tip, pigmented at base but not glutinous; rays of the infl several, ascending below, ± divaricate above, branched and involucellate toward the tip, the ultimate branches with 1–several sessile spikelets and often 1 or 2 pedicellate spikelets; spikelets ovoid to cylindric, 3–5(–10) mm; scales elliptic or oval, 1–2 mm, obtuse and mucronulate to broadly acute, marked (at high magnification) with numerous fine red lines; bristles 6, smooth, contorted, evidently surpassing the scales and giving the mature spikelets a woolly look; style trifid; achene pale yellowish-gray to nearly white, obovate, compressed-trigonous, 0.7–1 mm, sharply short-beaked; 2n=60, 64, 66, 68, 70. Bogs, marshes, and wet meadows; Nf. to B.C., s. to Fla. and Tex. Fr June–Sept. Highly variable, consisting of several geographically and ecologically widely overlapping phases that intergrade freely without wholly losing their identity. (S. atrocinctus, mainly northern, and extending w. to B.C., in meadows, with pedicellate spikelets, blackish scales, and early fr; S. pedicellatus, northern but not western, in alluvial marshes, with pedicellate spikelets, pale brown scales, and late fr. (S. eriophorum; S. rubricosus) Putative hybrids with no. 24 [Scirpus atrovirens Willd.] have been called S. ×peckii Britton.
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Plants aggregated in dense tussocks; rhizomes branching, short, tough, fibrous. Culms: fertile ones upright or nearly so; nodes without axillary bulblets. Leaves 5–10 per culm; sheaths of proximal leaves green to red-brown; proximal sheaths and blades with septa few to many, conspiucuous or inconspicuous; blades 22–80 cm × 3–10 mm. Inflorescences terminal; rays ascending or sometimes spreading, scabrous throughout or main branches smooth proximally, rays without axillary bulblets; bases of involucral bracts reddish brown, brownish, or blackish, not glutinous. Spikelets in dense cymes of 2–15, central spikelet of each cyme sessile, others sessile or pedicellate, spikelets broadly ovoid, ovoid, or sometimes cylindric, 3.5–8 × 2.5–3.5 mm; scales reddish brown, brownish, or blackish, ovate or narrowly ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 1.1–2.2 mm, apex apiculate or short-mucronate, apiculus or mucro to 0.1 mm. Flowers: perianth bristles persistent, 6, slender, contorted, much longer than achene, smooth, projecting beyond scales, mature inflorescence appearing woolly; styles 3-fid. Achenes whitish to very pale brown, elliptic or obovate in outline, plumply trigonous or plano-convex, 0.6–0.9 × 0.3–0.5 mm. 2n = 66.
A sedge. These grow in clumps and have grass like leaves and solid stalks. It is a tall rush. It grows 2 m high. It has large fluffy brown heads.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Wet low ground. Swamps. Marshes, moist meadows, ditches, shallow ponds, frequently growing in disturbed areas from sea level to 800 metres.
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It grows in moist and boggy soils.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 6-10
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

Uses fiber
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Scirpus cyperinus habit picture by max (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Scirpus cyperinus leaf picture by max (cc-by-sa)
Scirpus cyperinus leaf picture by L K (cc-by-sa)
Scirpus cyperinus leaf picture by Michael Juratovac (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Scirpus cyperinus flower picture by Diane Okrongly (cc-by-sa)
Scirpus cyperinus flower picture by Sean (cc-by-sa)
Scirpus cyperinus flower picture by Noémie Labranche-Montion (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Scirpus cyperinus fruit picture by tomhuck88 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Scirpus cyperinus world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Belarus, Canada, Germany, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Netherlands, and United States of America

Conservation status

Scirpus cyperinus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1042902-2
WFO ID wfo-0000537115
COL ID 4VLWS
BDTFX ID 164484
INPN ID 762086
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Scirpus cyperinus Trichophorum cyperinum Eriophorum cyperinum Scirpus thyrsiflorus Eriophorum cyperinum f. grande Scirpus atrocinctus f. grandis Scirpus eriophorum f. praelongus Scirpus sylvaticus f. cephaloideus Scirpus cyperinus f. cyperinus Scirpus rubricosus Eriophorum cyperinum var. atrocinctus Eriophorum cyperinum var. eriophorum Eriophorum cyperinum var. laxum Eriophorum cyperinum var. pelium Scirpus atrocinctus var. grandis Scirpus cyperinus var. andrewsii Scirpus cyperinus var. condensatus Scirpus cyperinus var. eriophorum Scirpus cyperinus var. pelius Scirpus cyperinus var. rubricosus Scirpus eriophorum var. andrewsii Scirpus eriophorum var. condensatus Scirpus eriophorum var. cyperinus Scirpus eriophorum var. laxus Scirpus cyperinus var. laxus Scirpus cyperinus f. andrewsii Scirpus cyperinus f. cephaloideus Scirpus cyperinus f. condensatus Scirpus cyperinus f. confertus Scirpus cyperinus f. congestus Scirpus rubricosus f. praelongus Scirpus cyperinus var. congestus Scirpus cyperinus var. cyperinus Scirpus eriophorum Scirpus cyperinus var. normalis