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The patent, spinescent branches and petioles, leaves, and flowers covered with minute, rod glands; leaves petiolate, fasciculate, palmately 3-foliolate, petioles dilatate, leaflets sessile, linear-cuneate, obtuse, quite entire, tickish, sub-glaucous; racemes axillary, 3-6-flowered, shorter than the leaves; drupe oblique, oval, sub-compressed, glabrous. Shrub much branched, branches and branchlets terete, rigid, spinous. Petioles 2-4 lines long, broader at top; younger leaves red coloured, old ones sub-glabrous; leaflets 3-4 lines long, obtuse, rarely emarginate at top, 1 line broad. Peduncles racemose, shorter than the petiole, as well as the calyx, ferruginous. Petals white, 0.5 line long. Drupe transversely broader, 1.5 line long, 2 lines broad, beaked with the very short styles.
Shrub, 1.0-1.7 m high; much branched, armed, often forming spiny thickets; bark grey-brown, granular, branching squarrose; branchlets straight, rigid, spinous; young growth russet. Leaves fasciculate, petioles hairy, trifoliolate; leaflets sessile, coriaceous, dull grey-green, stellate-hairy, linear-oblanceolate to spathulate, margins entire. Inflorescence a raceme, 10 mm long, often single-flowered, fasciculate, crowded on dwarf outgrowths of often leafless spines. Flowers: calyx hairy; styles persistent. Fruit a drupe, fleshy, asymmetrically oblate, obloid, dark reddish brown, drying black.
Dioecious, much-branched, evergreen shrub, up to 1.7 m tall, with straight rigid spinous branchlets. Leaves trifoliate, leaflets sessile, linear-oblanceolate to spathulate, densely covered with minute stellate hairs, dull grey-green, but russet when young. Flowers greenish yellow, crowded on dwarf outgrowths of often leafless spines. Drupe asymmetrically oblong, dark reddish-brown, drying black.
A shrub. It grows 1.7 m tall. The branches have straight spines. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The flowers are greenish yellow and in crowded groups. The fruit is oblong but uneven shape. They are reddish-brown.
