Semecarpus australiensis Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Semecarpus

Characteristics

Tree (7-)15-24(-40) m high and (8-)27-60(-80) cm Ø, occasionally with short buttresses, rarely myrmecophilous. Bark variously light grey, fawn, or brown, rather smooth, or scaly. Leaves spaced, spiral, coriaceous or chartaceous, elliptic-oblong, broad-elliptic, sometimes obovate-oblong, 11-32 by 7-17 cm (up to 41 by 18 cm on a vegetative branch), glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy on the nerves and veins beneath; papillae distinct, rather compact, covering the lower surface except the midrib, nerves, and veins; base cuneate; apex obtuse, sometimes slightly apiculate; nerves 10-22 pairs, conspicuous beneath, distinct above; veins reticulate, or transverse and subparallel, distinct beneath, faint above; petiole (l-)2½-3 cm. Panicles terminal, sometimes also in the leaf axils at the end of twigs, rarely cauligerous, 14-35 cm long, puberulous, glabrescent; lateral branches obliquely ascending, up to 12(-20)cm; bracts triangular, ⅔ mm long; pedicels up to 3 mm. Flower-buds subglobose. Calyx lobes triangular, ½-⅔ mm long. Petals white or cream-white, imbricate, ovate, ovate-oblong, 2½-4 by 1½-2 mm, puberulous outside, with c. 10 distinct, longitudinal veins. Stamens 3 mm; anthers broad-ovoid, ⅔ mm long. Imperfect or sterile stamens c. 2 mm. Disk round, flat, ½-2 mm Ø, covered sparsely with inflexed hairs except the central part or rudimentary pistil with erect hairs in ♂, or velutinous in ♀, usually glabrescent. Ovary subglobose, 2 mm Ø, densely pubescent; styles 1 mm. Drupe subglobose, 2-3½ by 3-5 cm, almost glabrous; apex slightly apiculate; hypocarp funnel-shaped, ½-1½ by 1¼-2 cm.
More
A small evergreen tree, although it can lose many of its leaves during the year. It grows to 5-10 m tall and spreads to 2 m wide. Trees can be 40 m high. It has a dense round crown. The stem is erect and branching. The bark is smooth and brown. The leaves are simple and oblong. They are produced alternately along the branch. They are 10-30 cm long and 4-12 cm wide. The leaves are dark green above and much paler underneath. The veins are prominent and raised underneath the leaf. The leaf stalk is 1-2.5 cm long. Male and female flowers occur on separate trees. The flowers are very small and greenish white and at the ends of branches. The flowering branches can be 10-30 cm long and flowers 0.5 cm across. Male flowers do not have stalks and are smaller than female flowers. The fruit are round and brown. They are 2-3 cm wide. They have a coarse leathery skin. They are attached to a swollen fleshy orange base. They contain one seed.
Tree to 40 m high. Branchlets glabrescent. Leaves oblong-obovate, oblanceolate or elliptic, obtuse, acuminate or acute, subcoriaceous; lamina mostly 10–30 cm long and 4–12 cm wide; base narrowly cuneate; secondary veins 10–20 pairs; petiole 1–2.5 cm long. Panicles puberulous, glabrescent. Male flowers sessile; calyx lobes triangular, 0.5 mm long, puberulous; petals ovate, c. 1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 0.8 mm long; filaments 2 mm long; disc 1.6 mm diam., pubescent; pistillode a tuft of hairs. Female flowers: pedicels to 1 mm long; calyx lobes 0.7 mm long; petals 3.5–4 mm long, puberulous or glabrous; staminodes 1.8–2 mm long; disc c. 3.5 mm diam., pubescent; ovary pubescent; styles 1 mm long. Drupe obliquely transverse-ellipsoidal, compressed, 2–3 cm wide, eccentrically beaked. Hypocarp orange.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 24.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It does best in sandy, moist soils. They need to be well-drained. It needs an open sunny position. It is damaged by drought and frost. Plants grow naturally in coastal areas in monsoon forests. They normally grow in areas with a seasonal climate. In Townsville palmetum.
More
In rain-and monsoon-forest, occasionally in secondary forest and on limestone terraces, usually in the lowland, sometimes at 450-1350 m. Fl. March-Aug.; fr. Febr., June-Nov.
Grows in lowland semi-evergreen and semi-deciduous mesophyll vine forest.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The fruit kernel is eaten after careful preparation and cooking. The fleshy fruit stalk is eaten when fully ripe and after peeling. Caution: Parts of the plant are highly toxic.
Uses food material medicinal poison
Edible fruits nuts
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by seed. Seed need to be planted fresh.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Semecarpus australiensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Semecarpus australiensis world distribution map, present in Australia, Botswana, France, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, United States of America, and Vanuatu

Conservation status

Semecarpus australiensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:71204-1
WFO ID wfo-0000434832
COL ID 6YG2T
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cassuvium australiense Semecarpus australiensis Semecarpus congestiflora Semecarpus anacardium var. parvifolia