Semecarpus cassuvium Roxb.

Semecarpus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Anacardiaceae > Semecarpus

Characteristics

Tree, sometimes treelet, 4-26½ m high and 3-40 cm Ø, sometimes myrmecophilous. Leaves spaced, spiral, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate-oblong, 15-22 by 7½-10½ cm; upper surface glabrous; lower surface glabrous, sometimes sparsely puberulous, glabrescent; papillae distinct, covering lower surface except the midrib, nerves, and some of the veins; base cuneate; apex acute or acuminate, sometimes obtuse, rarely slightly emarginate; nerves 10-26 pairs, prominent beneath, distinct above; veins reticulate-scalariform, distinct on both surfaces, sometimes faint above; petiole 2-4 cm. Panicles terminal, 10-31(-60) cm long, pubescent, glabrescent; lateral branches obliquely ascending, up to 15(-28)cm; bracts triangular, 1-1½ mm long; pedicels 0-1 mm. Flower-buds globose. Flowers white. Calyx lobes triangular, ¾-l mm long. Petals imbricate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 2 by 1-1¼ mm in ♂ (3½-4½ by 1¼-3 mm in ♀), puberulous outside, with c. 12 rather faint, longitudinal veins. Stamens 2-2½ mm; anthers broad-ovoid, c. ½ mm long. Imperfect or sterile stamens in ♀. c. 2 mm. Disk round, flat, or shallowly dish-shaped, c. 1 mm Ø in ♂ (3½ mm Ø in ♀), covered with inflexed hairs in ♂, velutinous in ♀. Ovary dome-shaped, c. 2½ mm Ø, velutinous; styles c. 1 mm. Drupe broad-obovoid, sometimes transverse-oblong, 2-2¾ by 1¾-3 cm, velutinous, sometimes glabrescent; concave at the top; hypocarp discoid, ½-l by 1-2 cm.
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It grows to a reasonably large tree 30-40 m tall. It can sometimes be a small tree. The trunk can vary between 3 and 40 cm. The leaves are placed in a spiral around the branches. The leaves can be 22 cm long and 10 cm wide. The leaf tapers to the tip and the base is wedge shaped. There are 10-26 pairs of side veins. The leaf stalk can be 4 cm long. The flower clusters are produced at the ends of branches. These can be 10-30 cm long or longer. The side branches of the flower cluster hang downwards. The flowers are white. The fruit is 5-6 cm across, green when young and dark red when ripe. The inside flesh around the seed is purple.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Lowland primary forest, at elevations that sometimes rise to 600 metres. It is occasionally found on level land inundated in the wet season, or in secondary forest at elevations of 15-60 metres.
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In lowland primary forest, sometimes up to 600 m, occasionally found on level land inundated in the wet season, or in secondary forest at 15-60 m. Fl. March-June, Sept.; fr. June-July, Oct.
A tropical plant. It occurs in coastal areas. It occurs from sea level to 600 m altitude.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The kernel inside the nut is eaten after cooking. The very young leaves are also recorded as being eaten raw. The fruit stalk is eaten. CAUTION Fumes from burning (cooking) nuts and probably from other parts of the plant can irritate the skin. The sap is poisonous.
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Uses. RUMPHIUS reported that the smallish hypocarp remains green and is eaten; the very young (white) leaves can be eaten raw, although otherwise the sap of every part is very poisonous; it is used as a black dye in the Moluccas ( HEYNE Nutt. Pl. 1927 980 ).
Uses dye food fuel material medicinal poison
Edible fruits leaves nuts
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees are grown from nuts which germinate and establish fairly easily.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Semecarpus cassuvium world distribution map, present in Indonesia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, and Chad

Conservation status

Semecarpus cassuvium threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:71211-1
WFO ID wfo-0000434887
COL ID 4WFLN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Semecarpus cassuvium Anacardium sylvestre Anacardium cassuvium