Senegalia burkei (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.

Black monkey-thorn (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Senegalia

Characteristics

Tree to 27 m high with a rounded, flattened and somewhat spreading or irregularly open crown. Bark pale or dark greyish-yellow to brown or almost black, rough, irregularly fissured, flaking, often with persistent prickles scattered over the surface; young branchlets pale or dark greyish-yellow or reddish-brown to black, flaking, often minutely, subglabrous to densely pubescent. Stipules not spinescent, in pairs, ± linear, 1-3.5 x 0.2-0.6 mm, densely pubescent, soon deciduous. Prickles in pairs below the nodes, strongly recurved, often broad-based, grey to reddish-brown or black, 3-9 mm long. Leaves: petiole (0.4)1-2.3(3.5) cm long, adaxial gland often present, variable in position, 0.3-0.8 mm in diam.; rhachis (0)3.4-7.2(9.1) cm long, subglabrous to densely pubescent, abaxial surface usually without recurved prickles, eglandular or with a gland at the junction of the top pinna pair or top 1-3 pairs; pinnae (1)3-13 pairs; rhachillae 0.6-5.7 cm long, subglabrous to densely pubescent; leaflets (1)4-19 pairs per pinna, 1.2-20.2 x 0.8-13.1 mm, very variable in shape, linear to linear-oblong or obovate, obovate-oblong to ± orbicular, apex acute to rounded, usually markedly asymmetric basally, veins often prominent below, varying from glabrous above and/or below to sparingly or densely pubescent above and/or below, typically pubescent and with a small basal tuft of hairs on the lower surface. Inflorescences spicate, fascicled, often crowded into a terminal raceme, or occasionally solitary. Flowers yellowish-white, sessile or almost so; spikes 1.4-8.5(14.6) cm long; peduncles 0.4-2 cm long, sparingly to densely pubescent, rarely subglabrous. Calyx campanulate, often tinged with pink or distinctly pinkish-red, sparingly to densely pubescent, tube 0.7-1.6 mm long, lobes 0.4-1.1 mm long. Corolla often tinged with pink or pinkish-red, glabrous or apices of lobes sparingly pubescent, tube 1.5-2.1 mm long, lobes up to 1.2 mm long. Stamen-filaments free, up to 6 mm long; anthers ±0.15 mm across, with a deciduous apical gland. Ovary to 1.6 mm long, glabrous, shortly stipitate. Pods reddish-or purplish-brown, 4.1-16.9 x 0.9-2.4 cm, straight, linear-oblong, ± acuminate to mucronate apically, longitudinally dehiscent, coriaceous, obscurely venose, glabrous or sparsely pubescent near the margins and stipe. Seeds olive-to reddish-brown, subcircular-lenticular, 6-13 x 6-11 mm, compressed; central areole 4-8 x 3-8 mm, horseshoe shaped.
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Tree. Branchlets dark grey or blackish-brown, young extremities very sparingly pubescent. Prickles paired, recurved, short. Leaves: petioles, rhachides and rhachillae sparingly pubescent: petiole and rhachis together ±4-6 cm long; pinnae 2-5 pairs; rhachillae 1-4 cm long; leaflets 3-6 pairs per pinna, very variable in size and shape, 7-14 x 4-8 mm, obliquely obovate-oblong or oblong, asymmetric basally, discolorous, glabrous throughout or with few marginal cilia, sometimes with a small basal tuft of hairs to one side of the midrib on the lower surface. Inflorescences spicate; spikes 5-9 cm long, axes sparingly pubescent. Calyx glabrous or with occasional scattered hairs, sometimes sparingly pubescent. Pods unknown.
Tree, up to 27 m high. Prickles in pairs near nodes. Leaflets 4-15(-19) pairs per pinna, linear-oblong or obovate to obovate-oblong, 0.8-7.0 mm wide; pinnae 8-13 pairs per leaf. Pods glabrous, eglandular. Flowers yellowish white.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 15.0 - 27.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder material medicinal
Edible gums
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Senegalia burkei world distribution map, present in Botswana, India, Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Senegalia burkei threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77130763-1
WFO ID wfo-0001336545
COL ID 4WNX7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acacia burkei Senegalia burkei