Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Popcorn senna (en), Séné de Nairobi (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Senna

Characteristics

Perennial, multi-stemmed and much branched from ground level forming an erect, rounded shrub (0.6-)2-7 m high. Stems ± woody, subterete, inconspicuously ridged, finely and softly pubescent with dense, short, white, patent hairs. Leaves-, petiole and rhachis 19-30(-45) cm long; stipules broadly ovate-cordate, long acuminate, 1-1.2 cm long, 1.1-1.4 cm wide, pubescent, persistent, conspicuous; petiole 2.5-3.2 cm long including basal pulvinus; petiolar gland lacking; rhachis terete, lacking conspicuous glands, but with 1-several small, hair-like dark structures between each of the leaflet pairs; leaflets in (8-)13-21 pairs, ovate-oblong, becoming ovate-elliptic and obovate towards distal end of leaf, 2-4.2(-5.5) cm long, 0.7-1.6(-2) cm wide, uppermost pair not largest, bases asymmetric, broadly cuneate to round, apices broadly obtuse, with a fine apiculus up to 3 mm long, margins slightly thickened, pubescent, surfaces pubescent, adaxial sparsely, abaxial densely. Inflorescences in axils of upper leaves, racemes elongating with age up to 45 cm long including peduncle, many-flowered; peduncles at flowering and fruiting 4-6 cm long, stout; bracts 2-2.3 cm long, 1-1.2 cm wide, elliptic, boat-shaped, viscid, foetid, dark brownish-green, conspicuous; pedicels, at flowering 5-8 mm long, at fruiting up to 10 mm long, pubescent to villous with soft patent hairs. Sepals obtuse, pubescent, viscid, foetid. Petals elliptic to obovate, shortly stalked, 2-2.5 cm long, 1.2-1.3 cm wide, bright yellow. Stamens 10: 3 adaxial smallest, ± functional, 4 lateral medium, 2 lateral-abaxial largest, central-abaxial longer than laterals but shorter and considerably more slender than 2 lateral-abaxial, dehiscence porose. Ovaries white velutinous with soft, patent hairs; styles curved, glabrous; stigma narrowed to a fine hollow point, becoming ± membranous with age. Pods flattened, shortly stalked, straight, oblong-linear, 10-11 cm long, ±2 cm wide, apex usually beaked, septate, sutures slightly thickened, slightly lighter than the dark brown, pubescent valves, many-seeded, dehiscent. Seeds laterally compressed, oblong with one pointed end, 6-7 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, testa light brown, minutely pitted or smooth; areole central on each lateral face, oblong, finely transversely striated, ±4 mm long, ±1 mm wide.
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Rather soft-wooded shrub, 2-4 m or more tall, unpleasant-smelling when fresh. Branchlets dark brown, sparsely pubescent. Leaves paripinnate; stipules 10-15 x 8-11 mm, broadly ovate, cordate at base, acuminate at apex, persistent; petioles 1.7-3.5(8.5) cm long, pubescent; rachis 10-25 cm long, pubescent; leaflets in 6-16 pairs, opposite, 21-55 x 6-20 mm, oblong, asymmetrically cuneate at base, acute and mucronate at apex, pubescent above and beneath. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, axis 22-34 cm long; bracts present in bud, falling before anthesis, 10-16 x 8-13 mm, broadly ovate, base cordate, apex acute, apiculate. Sepals 5, c. 13 x 5 mm, elliptic. Petals 5, yellow, with prominent darker veins particularly when dry, c. 20 x 10 mm, broadly elliptic to obovate. Stamens 10, seven of them probably fertile, two of these with filaments c. 2 mm long and anthers c. 10 mm long, five with filaments c. 2 mm long and anthers c. 5 mm long; three probably infertile with filaments c. 2 mm long and reduced anthers. Ovary c. 12 mm long, densely pubescent; stipe c. 5 mm long; style c. 12 mm long, glabrous. Pods blackish, 8-10.4 x 1.8-2.4 cm, oblong, corrugated on the flat surface, very tardily dehiscent along both sutures. Seeds dull brown, 6.5-7.5 x 3.5-5 mm, oblong, flattened, apiculate at the proximal end, with a narrowly obovate to oblong areole in the centre of each face.
Shrubs, 2.5-3 m tall. Young branches and leaves puberu­lent, glabrescent when old. Leaves to 35(-50) cm; stipules tardily deciduous, ovate-cordate, 6-17 mm, acuminate; petiole and rachis without glands, puberulent; petiolules very short; leaflets 8-16 pairs, abaxially farina-white, ovate-oblong or lan­ceolate-oblong, 3-5.5 × 1-2 cm, base rounded and oblique, apex obtuse or subacute, mucronate. Racemes in axils of leaves in upper part of branches, 10-35 cm, sometimes several arranged in a terminal leafy panicle; bracts caducous, imbricate, broadly ovate, apex subacute or acuminate. Sepals oblong-obo­vate. Petals yellow, oblong or obovate, shortly clawed. Stamens 10, among them functionally 2 extra large, curved, ca. 12 mm. Ovary densely yellowish or pallid pilosulose. Legume com­pressed, ligulate-oblong, 8-10 × 1.6-1.8 cm, leathery, bicari­nate by sutures, apex with a long and slender awn, stipe 1-1.2 cm; fruiting pedicel ca. 1 cm. Seeds 9-16, obovoid-oblong, compressed. 2n = 28.
Shrub, erect, to 2.5 m high, pubescent on vegetative parts, inflorescence axes and ovary, otherwise glabrous. Leaves 10–25 cm long including a terete petiole 15–40 mm long; stipules cordate, acuminate, subpersistent; leaflets in 8–10 pairs spaced 10–20 mm apart, oblong, 20–60 mm long, 10–20 mm wide, increasing distally, acute to obtuse and mucronate; glands absent. Inflorescence dense, of 15–30 flowers, axillary; peduncle 50–70 mm long; pedicels 6–8 mm long; bracts dark brown to black, caducous. Petals to 20 mm long. Fertile stamens 2, with 7 adaxial and 1 abaxial staminodes; filaments subequal, 1–2 mm long; fertile anthers c. 10 mm long. Pod flat, c. 7 cm long, c. 18 mm wide, straight, entire. Seeds dull.
Coarse shrub, up to 1.5-5.0 m high; stems, leaves, and inflorescences sparsely pubescent with spreading hairs. Leaves 100-140 mm long. Leaflets 10 to 20 pairs per leaf, oblong-elliptic, mucronate apically, rounded basally, rachis terete. Stipules leafy, cordate, ovate with attenuate apex. Inflorescences axillary, flowers and fruits co-occurring. Flowers bright yellow drying to white, with brown veins. Flowering time Mar.? Pod stipitate, flattened, 60-120 x 15-25 mm. Valves corrugated over seeds, papery, dark brownish black, glabrate. Seeds compressed, oblong, grey-brown, bearing elliptic areole on each face.
Leaves paripinnate; stipules 10–15 × 8–11 mm, broadly ovate, cordate at base, acuminate at apex, persistent; petioles 1.7–3.5(8.5) cm long, pubescent; rachis 10–25 cm long, pubescent; leaflets in 6–16 pairs, opposite, 21–55 × 6–20 mm, oblong, asymmetrically cuneate at base, acute and mucronate at apex, pubescent above and beneath.
Stamens 10, seven of them probably fertile, two of these with filaments c.2 mm long and anthers c.10 mm long, five with filaments c.2 mm long and anthers c.5 mm long; three probably infertile with filaments c.2 mm long and reduced anthers.
Inflorescence an axillary raceme, axis 22–34 cm long; bracts present in bud, falling before anthesis, 10–16 × 8–13 mm, broadly ovate, base cordate, apex acute, apiculate.
Seeds dull brown, 6.5–7.5 × 3.5–5 mm, oblong, flattened, apiculate at the proximal end, with a narrowly obovate to oblong areole in the centre of each face.
Shrub, up to 7 m high. Stipules persistent, broadly ovate-cordate, 8-14 mm long. Petals obovate, 20-25 x 12-13 mm. Flowers bright yellow.
Pods blackish, 8–10.4 × 1.8–2.4 cm, oblong, corrugated on the flat surface, very tardily dehiscent along both sutures.
Petals 5, yellow, with prominent darker veins particularly when dry, c.20 × 10 mm, broadly elliptic to obovate.
Ovary c.12 mm long, densely pubescent; stipe c.5 mm long; style c.12 mm long, glabrous.
Rather soft-wooded shrub, 2–4 m or more tall, unpleasant-smelling when fresh.
Branchlets dark brown, sparsely pubescent.
Sepals 5, c.13 × 5 mm, elliptic.
A shrub.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.25 - 4.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Often ruderal in riparian montane wooded grassland or evergreen bushland.
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Found in disturbed areas such as roadsides.
It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses animal food dye environmental use fiber food forage fuel manure material medicinal poison shade vertebrate poison wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Giardia (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Ascariasis (root), Diarrhea (root), Laxatives (root), Laxatives (stem), Poison (unspecified), Lung diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Senna didymobotrya habit picture by Mel Mun (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Senna didymobotrya leaf picture by Kimata Victoria (cc-by-sa)
Senna didymobotrya leaf picture by Kimata Victoria (cc-by-sa)
Senna didymobotrya leaf picture by Vita93 Vita93 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Senna didymobotrya flower picture by Vita93 Vita93 (cc-by-sa)
Senna didymobotrya flower picture by Vita93 Vita93 (cc-by-sa)
Senna didymobotrya flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Senna didymobotrya fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Senna didymobotrya fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Senna didymobotrya fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Senna didymobotrya world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, China, Cuba, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, India, Iraq, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Sudan, Tonga, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Senna didymobotrya threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:234467-2
WFO ID wfo-0000163726
COL ID 6YGQP
BDTFX ID 164628
INPN ID 610844
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cassia nairobiensis Cassia didymobotrya Cassia verdickii Cassia bracteosa Chamaesenna didymobotrya Cassia nairobensis Senna didymobotrya