Senna fruticosa (Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Senna

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree up to 6 m high, all young parts greyish pubescent. Stipules linear, 3-4 mm long, early caducous. Leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets; petiole slender, puberulous, c. 3 cm long; rachis slender 1-3 cm, bearing an oblong, nipple-shaped gland between the lower pair of leaflets. Leaflets membranaceous, obliquely ovate, very unequal-sided, upper pair much larger than the lower one, 4-16 by 2-7 cm; glabrous or glabrescent on upper side, puberulous on lower; apex acute to acuminate, base obliquely cuneate; petiolules c. 3 mm. Racemes short, densely flowered, up to 6 cm long including the 2 cm peduncle; bracts narrowly lanceolate to subulate, 2-4 mm, early caducous; pedicels long, slender, puberulous, 2-3 cm. Sepals oblong-obovate, yellowish green often mingled with red, puberulous, 7-11 mm. Petals yellow, pubescent on both sides, broadly obovate to orbicular, 2-2.5 cm. Stamens 1 (or 6): 3 with filaments filiform, 2-4 mm long and anthers glabrous, strongly curved, 6-7 mm, rostrate at apex, opening by an apical pore; 4 (or 3) with filaments dilated distally, 2-3 mm and anthers similar but thicker and 8-9 mm long; upper 3 stamens usually absent. Ovary sessile, densely appressed pubescent, style slender, stigma inconspicuous. Pods terete, pendulous on a short, stout stipe, 15-25 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diam., long beaked, slightly annulate. Seeds 80-100 embedded in a foetid, black pulp, compressed ovoid, 5-6 mm, dark brown.
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Shrubs or small trees, ca. 3 m tall. Branches grayish white, glabrous. Leaves 12-18 cm, with an oblong, convex gland on rachis between lower pair of leaflets; stipules early caducous, linear, 3-4 mm; petiolules 3-4 mm; leaflets 2 pairs, obliquely oblong-ovate, 4-16.5 × 2-7 cm, membranous, both surfaces pubescent when young, abaxially puberulent when old, base obliquely cuneate, very unequally sided, midvein near upper side, apex acute to acuminate. Racemes short, densely flow­ered, to 6 cm, in axils of apical leaves, several racemes forming a leafy panicle; bracts early caducous, narrowly lanceolate. Sepals yellowish green, often tinged with red, oblong-obovate, outside puberulent. Petals orange-yellow, broadly obovate to orbicular, 2-2.5 cm, both sides pubescent. Fertile stamens 6 or 7, opening by apical pores, upper 3 stamens usually absent. Ovary linear, densely appressed whitish pubescent. Legume pendulous on a short stout stipe, terete, 15-25 × 1-1.5 cm, slightly annulate, with a beak ca. 1 cm on top. Seeds 80-100, dark brown, compressed, ovoid, 5-6 mm, embedded in a foetid, black pulp. 2n = 28.
A shrub. It grows 1-2 m tall. The branches are hairy. The flowers are yellow. The pods are cylinder shaped. They are 20-22 cm long and 1 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.5 - 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

UsesCommonly grown as ornamental.
Uses material medicinal ornamental
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Chest (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Diabetes (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Senna fruticosa world distribution map, present in China, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Fiji, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Malaysia, Panama, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand

Conservation status

Senna fruticosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:234475-2
WFO ID wfo-0000183556
COL ID 4WP9P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 706801
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Senna fruticosa Chamaefistula ignota Chamaefistula sinaloana Cassia fruticosa Chamaefistula berlandieri Chamaefistula fruticosa Cassia axillaris Cassia berlandieri Cassia densiflora Chamaefistula densiflora Cassia biciliaris