Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Glandular senna (en), Séné (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Senna

Characteristics

Perennial shrub with erect, branching, woody stems 3-4 m high. Stems terete, softly pubescent with short, straight, or incurved and eventually rather matted, whitish hairs. Leaves discolorous, green adaxially, lighter greyish-green abaxially, softly pubescent to densely tomentose: petiole and rhachis (3-)9-12 cm long; stipules linear, acuminate, 2-3 mm long, ±0.5 mm wide, densely pubescent, caducous; petiole 0.5-1.7 mm long including the inconspicuous basal pulvinus; petiolar gland lacking; rhachis with a sessile, cylindric, finger-like, acuminate, dark gland, 0.7-1 mm long between each pair of leaflets, these glands occasionally falling or breaking to leave a scar, or the acuminate apex abscising to leave an apical scar on the gland; leaflets in (3-)6-8 pairs, oblong, elliptic or obovate-oblong, 1.4-5 cm long, (0.6-)0.8-1.5 cm wide, uppermost pair largest, bases asymmetric, occasionally rounded, apices obtuse, occasionally broadly acute, mucronate, or almost apiculate, margins hairy, adaxial surfaces sparsely pubescent, abaxial cano-tomentose or cano-pubescent with curved or curled, ± matted hairs (grey coloration is often accentuated by the texture of the underlying leaf surface). Inflorescences in axils of upper leaves, 3.7-7 cm long, forming a pseudo-panicle distally on the branches; peduncles, at flowering, 2-4 cm long, at fruiting to 4.5-5 cm long; bracts 5-7(-9) mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, lanceolate, acuminate; pedicels, at flowering, 1.3-1.7(-2.5) cm long, at fruiting, 2-2.5(-3) cm long; peduncles, bracts and pedicels densely pubescent. Sepals obtuse, pubescent to ± villous abaxially. Petals elliptic or obovate, 1.2-1.5 cm long, 0.7-1 cm wide, deep yellow becoming brown-veined with age, margins shortly white-ciliate when young. Stamens 10:3 staminodal (adaxial) ±2 mm long, ± flattened; 7 functional (4 lateral medium, 3 abaxial large) dehiscence porose, eventually longitudinal. Ovaries cano-tomentose to sericeous with ± matted, fine, white, ± curled to straight white hairs; style ±2 mm long, slightly curved, glabrous, dark; stigma slightly narrowed, hollowed, inconspicuously ciliate. Pods linear, straight or slightly curved, 7-11 cm long, 6-10 mm wide, compressed, faintly septate, sutures slightly thickened, valves green and cano-tomentose when young, becoming yellow, membranous and ± glabrous in age, eventually breaking down when seeds are shed, indehiscent. Seeds numerous, compressed against one another along length of pod, ±3-angled, ±5 mm long, ±2 mm wide, testa shining brown, often with a darker line from the hilum ± round the seed, areoles lacking.
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Dense, rounded shrub or tree to 5 m tall. Stems, rachises, inflorescences, and leaves densely yellow-or white-tomentose. Leaves 5-16 cm long, petiole 0.2-1.2 cm long, the rachis bearing a pyriform or conic nectary between the proximal and sometimes more distal pairs of leaflets; leaflets 5-8 pairs, increasing in size distally on the rachis, oblong, the terminal leaflets 2-4 cm long x 0.5-1.2 cm wide, apex rounded-mucronate, base asymmetrical, margins revolute, midvein deeply impressed on the upper surface. Inflorescence of axillary corymbiform racemes 3-10 cm long, usually somewhat exserted above the foliage, flowers 3-8 per raceme; sepals oblong to obovate, unequal, abaxially tomentose; petals obovate, 1-1.5 cm long, glabrous; fertile stamens 7, with 3 long abaxial and 4 short median stamens, the anthers obliquely truncate and dehiscent by 2 confluent terminal pores; ovary densely golden-tomentose, style glabrous, stigma minutely porate. Fruits pendulous, linear-oblong, terete or somewhat laterally compressed, 6-12 cm long x 0.6-1 cm across; valves papery, light brown, finely pubescent, ± corrugated over the seeds, edged with wide, flattened sutural ridges, internally septate and somewhat pulpy; seeds in one row, ovate, brown, glossy, lacking an areole.
Shrub or small tree, erect, to 4 m tall, pubescent on leaves, inflorescence, sepals and ovary, otherwise glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves 6-8 cm long including a terete petiole 8-12 mm long; stipules acicular, caducous; leaflets in 6-8 pairs spaced 8-12 mm apart, lanceolate to oblong, 20-30 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, increasing distally, recurved at the margins, acute and mucronate; glands 2-4, between the lowest leaflet pairs, erect, pointed. Inflorescence of 10-20 flowers, terminal and in upper axils; peduncle 20-30 mm long; pedicels 10-12 mm long; bracts caducous. Petals 10-20 mm long. Fertile stamens 7, with 3 adaxial staminodes; fertile filaments distinctly unequal, 4-8 mm long; fertile anthers distinctly unequal, 4-7 mm long, the largest with a single U-shaped pore. Pod compressed-cylindric, 6-8 cm long, c. 8 mm diam., slightly curved, entire. Seeds dull.
Shrub or small tree to 6 m high, not armed; twigs densely hairy, finely ribbed, rounded. Lvs 1-paripinnate, densely hairy on rachis, petiolate; leaflets moderately hairy above, moderately or densely hairy below, oblong or elliptic, slightly asymmetric, subacute and shortly mucronate, entire, subsessile, (10)-15-40 mm long, usually in (4)-5-8 pairs; protruding glands mostly present between each pair of leaflets, often small or deciduous; stipules deciduous. Infl. axillary, racemose, few-flowered, < or ± = lvs; bracts and bracteoles narrow-ovate, deciduous, 3-6 mm long. Calyx teeth unequal, acute or subacute. Corolla deep golden yellow, c. 2 cm long; stamens 7; staminodes 3. Pod indehiscent, hairy, ± straight or slightly curved, terete or slightly flattened, many-seeded, 8-12 cm long; seeds smooth, brown, c. 5 mm long.
Dense, rounded shrub or tree, up to 5 m high; stem, rachises, inflorescences and leaves densely yellow-or white-tomentose. Leaves 50-160 mm long. Leaflets 5 to 8 pairs, oblong, base asymmetrical, apex rounded to mucronate, increasing in size distally. Inflorescences of axillary corymbose racemes, somewhat exserted above foliage. Flowers 3-8 per raceme, deep yellow to brown-veined with age. Flowering time July-May. Pod pendulous, linear to oblong, terete or somewhat laterally compressed, 60-120 x 6-10 mm. Valves papery, light brown, finely pubescent, corrugated over seeds, internally septate and pulpy. Seeds one row, laterally ovate, brown, glossy, lacking areole.
Shrub, up to 4 m high. Stems woody. Leaves discolorous; (30-)90-120 mm long; rachis glandular with a sessile, cylindric, finger-like, acuminate, dark gland; stipules linear, densely pubescent and caducous. Flowers: inflorescences distal pseudo-panicles, in axils of upper leaves, 37-70 mm long; corolla deep yellow; May. Pods linear to slightly curved, 70-110 mm long, compressed; seeds many, compressed against each other along length of pod.
Perennial shrub, up to 4 m high. Young stem apices and abaxial leaflet surfaces cano-tomentose. Flowers deep yellow.
A shrub.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The young leaves are cooked and eaten. Caution: They contain glucosides that are removed with cooking.
Uses environmental use famine food fuelwood hedge material medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (leaf), Analgesics (leaf), Cough (leaf), Edema (leaf), Expectorants (leaf), Herpes simplex (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Counterirritant (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (root), Snake bites (root), Dysentery (unspecified), Typhus (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Senna multiglandulosa leaf picture by Ball Darren (cc-by-sa)
Senna multiglandulosa leaf picture by badlaura (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Senna multiglandulosa flower picture by Ball Darren (cc-by-sa)
Senna multiglandulosa flower picture by Fredy Beltran (cc-by-sa)
Senna multiglandulosa flower picture by Kim Umemoto (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Senna multiglandulosa world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Colombia, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Malaysia, Namibia, New Zealand, Peru, Papua New Guinea, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Senna multiglandulosa threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:234543-2
WFO ID wfo-0000164981
COL ID 4WPBN
BDTFX ID 166566
INPN ID 670754
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cassia multiglandulosa Cassia tomentosa Cassia lutescens Cassia albida Cassia wightiana Cassia cana Adipera tomentosa Cassia tomentosa var. albida Cassia tomentosa Senna multiglandulosa