Senna timoriensis (Dc.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Senna

Characteristics

Small tree, rarely above 10 m tall; young branches and leaves varying in hairiness from subglabrous to velutinous in yellow to golden colours. Stipules auriculate, 1.5-2 cm. Leaves with 10-20 pairs of leaflets; petiole 1-2 cm; rachis 20-30 cm, pubescent. Leaflets with a short petiolule, oblong, 2-6 by 1-1.5 cm with rounded base and subacute to mucronate apex, from nearly glabrous to yellowish pubescent on both sides. Inflorescences axillary, dense racemes, 10-30 cm long; axis more or less glabrous to yellowish pubescent; bracts caducous, ovate, acute, up to 20 by 15 mm; pedicels 1-3 cm, pubescent. Sepals unequal, oblong-ovate with rounded apex, 7-15 mm long, yellowish pubescent outside. Petals yellow, obovate, short-clawed, 15-20 by 10-15 mm. Stamens: 2 largest with filaments 2-4 mm and anthers 8-10 mm long opening by apical pores; 5 somewhat smaller opening in the same way; staminodes 3, c. 2 mm. Ovary more or less glabrous; style glabrous; stigma inconspicuous. Pods flat, glabrous, dehiscent, 8-16 by 1-1.5 cm. Seeds 10-30, elliptic, glossy, flattened, 7 by 5 mm.
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Shrub, erect, to 2 m high, pubescent on vegetative parts, inflorescence, sepals and ovary, otherwise glabrous. Leaves 15–17 cm long including a terete petiole 10–15 mm long; stipules acicular, caducous; leaflets in 15–18 pairs spaced 5–7 mm apart, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 35–45 mm long, 6–8 mm wide, increasing medially, broadly acute or obtuse; glands absent. Inflorescences of 8–10 flowers, in upper axils, forming a loose, many-flowered panicle; peduncle 10–20 mm long; pedicels 15–20 mm long; bracts subpersistent. Petals to 8 mm long. Fertile stamens 7, with 3 adaxial staminodes; filaments subequal, very short; fertile anthers unequal, the largest two c. 6 mm long, the others c. 4 mm long. Pod flat, 7–9 cm long, 7–10 mm wide, straight, entire. Seeds lustrous, with a linear areole.
A small tree. It grows 10 m high. The leaves have 8-24 pairs of leaflets. They are 2-6 cm long by 1-1.5 cm wide. They are oblong with a blunt tip. The young leaves have yellow hairs underneath. The flowers are yellow. They are in dense branched clusters at the ends of twigs. The fruit are 8-16 cm long. They are yellow. They split open when mature.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.0 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Lowland, often on limestone. Limestone hills, in open forest, at elevations up to 1,100 metres. It is a common inhabitant of deciduous dipterocarp forest in areas with a monsoon climate.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows on calcareous soils. It grows up to 1,100 m altitude.
Grows in sclerophyll woodland.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

UsesThe wood is highly resistant to insect attacks and frequently used for various construction purposes. Young leaves are edible. The pods are locally used in medical treatments of e.g. worms. It is also planted as a wayside tree and in Timor it is used in mixed afforestations for soil protecting purposes. See K. Heyne Nutt. Pl. Indon. 3 1950 748 Burkill Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1935 481.
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The young leaves are eaten.
Uses environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Insecticides (flower), Itch (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Senna timoriensis unspecified picture

Distribution

Senna timoriensis world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Senna timoriensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:911426-1
WFO ID wfo-0000164970
COL ID 6YGPN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Cassia timorensis Cassia goensis Cassia timoriensis Senna timoriensis Cassia eglandulosa Cassia laxiflora Cassia arayatensis Cassia montana Cassia exaltata Cassia palmata Cassia xanthocoma