Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir.

Vegetable hummingbird (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Sesbania

Characteristics

Trees, 4-10 m tall, d.b.h. to 25 cm. Branches terete, leaf scars and stipule scars conspicuous. Stipules obliquely lanceo­late, to 8 mm, caducous. Leaves 20-40 cm, 20-60-foliolate; ra­chis terete, densely appressed pubescent when young, glabres­cent; petiolules 1-2 mm; stipels acerose; leaflet blades oblong, 2-5 × 0.8-1.6 cm, smaller at both ends of rachis than in middle, both surfaces with or without dense appressed purplish brown glands and appressed villous but glabrescent, secondary veins 7 or 8 on each side of midvein but inconspicuous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to retuse and with a mucro. Ra­cemes 4-7 cm, pendulous, 2-4-flowered; bract and bracteoles ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 7-10 mm, caducous, both surfaces appressed pubescent. Flowers 7-10 cm, conspicuously falcately curved in bud. Pedicel 1-2 cm, densely appressed pilose. Calyx green, campanulate, 1.8-2.9 × 1.5-2 cm, sometimes with dots, often sub-bilabiate to subtruncate with adaxial 2 teeth connate, outside glabrous except for teeth apex, inside with appressed hairs. Corolla white, pink, or rosy; standard oblong-obovate to broadly ovate, 5-7.5 × 3.5-5 cm, reflexed at anthesis, callus absent, claw ca. 1.6 cm, base subcordate, apex retuse; wings fal­cately long ovate, asymmetric, ca. 5 × 2 cm, claw ca. 2 cm, apex obtuse; keel curved, ca. 5 cm, claw ca. 2 cm, limbs with basal abaxial edges connate, apical 1/4-1/3 free, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 9 mm; anthers linear, 4-5 mm, dorsifixed. Pistil linear, ca. 8 cm, compressed, falcately curved, glabrous; ovary stipitate; stigma slightly turgid. Legume linear, slightly curved, nodding, 20-60 cm × 7-8 mm, ca. 8 mm thick, dehiscent, car­popodium ca. 5 cm, suture angulate at maturity, apex tapering into a 3-4 cm beak. Seeds reddish brown, ellipsoid to subreni­form, ca. 6 × 3-4 mm, slightly compressed, turgid, slightly glossy; hilum rounded, retuse. Fl. and fr. Sep-Apr. 2n = 24.
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Small tree to 8 m tall, young parts hairy, soon becoming glabrous. Leaves alternate, even pinnate with (18-)20-40(-50) narrowly elliptic to oblong leaflets; leaflets ca. 7-10 mm wide, 25-35 mm long, rounded at the tip and base; petiole ca. 1 cm long; petiolules ca. 2 mm long, the rachis to 25 cm long; stipels minute; stipules narrowly triangular, to ca. 5 mm long, apparently deciduous. Inflores-cence of 2-4 flowered axillary racemes, pedicels to 2 cm long, thin. Flowers large and showy, ca. 6-9 cm long; hypanthium ca. 10-18 mm long, not including the narrowed base, 15-18 mm wide (flattened out); teeth low to absent, the hypan-thium rim variously erose; petals white, rosy white, or red; standard ca. 50-80 mm long, 40 mm wide, claw and basal auricles ca. 15 mm long; wing petals ca. 50-80 mm long, 20 mm wide, the claw ca. 20 mm long; keel petals upcurved, ca. 60 mm long with basal auricles, claw ca. 1/2 the length of the blade; stamens with the sheath to 80-90 mm long, 3 mm wide, strongly upcurved. Fruits long and narrow, to 50 cm long, ca. 0.6-0.9 cm wide, beaked, the stipe to 4 cm long; surface more or less flat or slightly indented between the seeds, smooth, dull; margins thickened and raised above the valve surface, also slightly indented be-tween the seeds; seeds numerous.
A shrub or small tree up to 5-10 m tall. The trunk has rough bark and the branches often droop. The trunk is thick. The branches are hairy when young. The leaves are made up of 41 to 61 leaflets. These are narrow and oblong. They are 2.5-4 cm long by 0.5-1.4 cm wide. They have a sharp point at the tip. The flowers are large and white to red. The flower petals can be 5-10 cm long. They are produced as 2-4 flowers on flowering branches 2-5 cm long. It has long narrow pods with up to 30-50 small brownish seeds. The seeds with their stalk can be 2.5-4.5 cm long in pods 20-25 cm long by 7-9 mm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.1 - 10.0
Root system adventitious-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.05
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical and subtropical climates. It grows in places with an average rainfall of 900-1200 mm and a temperature range of 17-25°C minimum and 25-37°C maximum. It is cultivated in coastal towns. It does well in both dry and moist areas. It probably grows up to about 1500 m altitude in tropical places. It does best in rich moist soils. It needs a sunny location. It is damaged by frost. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
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Dry wasteland and roadsides.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

CAUTION: The seeds are toxic. They are fermented and used. The leaves and flowers are used as a vegetable. The young pods are also eaten. The young leaves are stripped from the stalks and lightly boiled or steamed or served as a vegetable in curries. The white flowers that are eaten contain a considerable amount of sugar and iron and are said to taste like mushrooms. Flowers of the red-flowered variety are bitter and hence, it is only used as an ornamental. The flowers are boiled, fried or used in curries, soups and stews. The bark is broiled for soup.
Uses animal food charcoal coffee substitute dye environmental use fiber fodder food forage forestry fuel fuelwood green manure gum hedge leaf vegetable manure material medicinal oil ornamental paper reforestation shade social use support tea timber windbreak wood
Edible barks flowers fruits leaves pods seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Astringents (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Antitoxins (bark), Colic (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Smallpox (bark), Antipyretics (flower), Astringents (flower), Bronchitis (flower), Common cold (flower), Cough (flower), Digestive system diseases (flower), Eye diseases (flower), Fever (flower), Headache (flower), Leukorrhea (flower), Night blindness (flower), Pneumonia (flower), Rhinitis (flower), Anemia (fruit), Emaciation (fruit), Flatulence (fruit), Infection (fruit), Laxatives (fruit), Anemia (leaf), Anthelmintics (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Epilepsy (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hematemesis (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Memory disorders (leaf), Mouth diseases (leaf), Neoplasms (leaf), Night blindness (leaf), Anti-poisoning (leaf), Pruritus (leaf), Rhinitis (leaf), Endocrine system diseases (leaf), Abdominal pain (root), Anthelmintics (root), Antipyretics (root), Arthralgia (root), Common cold (root), Diarrhea (root), Dyspepsia (root), Expectorants (root), Scabies (root), Suppuration (seed), Ulcer (seed), Headache (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Cosmetic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Enterosis (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gastrosis (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sprain (unspecified), Stomatitis (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Glossitis (unspecified), Sore(Throat) (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Catarrh (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Sprue (unspecified), Thrush (unspecified), Tonsillitis (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Histamine antagonists (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Muscle strength (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin pigmentation (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees are grown from seed. The seed often need seed treatment to break the hard seed coat. Seeds germinate best with temperatures above 19°C. It can be grown from cuttings. It fixes nitrogen.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 24 - 34
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Sesbania grandiflora leaf picture by gunalan v (cc-by-sa)
Sesbania grandiflora leaf picture by Folkard Asch (cc-by-sa)
Sesbania grandiflora leaf picture by cambochris (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Sesbania grandiflora flower picture by pierre vernet (cc-by-sa)
Sesbania grandiflora flower picture by Noel Dionson (cc-by-sa)
Sesbania grandiflora flower picture by Franck Prejger (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Sesbania grandiflora world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Cayman Islands, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, French Guiana, Guyana, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Réunion, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and Yemen

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:518476-1
WFO ID wfo-0000178509
COL ID 4WZ5D
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 452985
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Agati grandiflora Coronilla coccinea Dolichos arboreus Sesban grandiflorus Sesban grandiflora Aeschynomene coccinea Sesbania mannii Dolichos arborescens Sesban coccinea Resupinaria grandiflora Emerus grandiflorus Aeschynomene grandiflora Coronilla grandiflora Robinia grandiflora Agati grandiflora var. albiflora Sesbania grandiflora