Trees up to 30 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h., bole twisting, with spines at base. Stipules 1-2 mm; petiole 1-1.5 cm, sparsely pilose to glabrous, eglandular at apex; leaf blade oblong to elliptic or slightly ovate, 7-14 × 3-4 cm, leathery, abaxially with 2-4 glands per side, base obtuse, margins conspicuously serrate, apex subacuminate to acuminate; lateral veins 18-24 pairs, at 60°-66° to midrib. Inflorescence solitary, racemelike, to 10 cm, axis pilose. Male flowers: bracts broad, ciliate, bases with 2 glands; pedicels 1-2 mm; calyx 0.6-0.8 mm, ciliate; stamen filaments 0.5-0.6 mm at anthesis, nearly absent in bud; anthers 0.4-0.5 mm. Female flowers: pedicel ca. 5 mm; calyx 1.25-1.75 mm, pilose; ovary ovate, ca. 2.5 mm; styles ca. 1.5 mm; stigmas 4-6 mm. Fruiting pedicel 8-22 mm; capsules subglobose, 18-30 × 20-32 mm, rounded at both ends or slightly attenuate at base, obscurely 3-lobed, walls of cocci very thick and hard. Seeds often less than 3 per fruit, ellipsoid, 11-13 × 7-8.5 mm, keeled on back, medium to pale brown, not spotted, without caruncle. Fl. Jun-Jul.
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A tree. It grows 30 m high. The trunk can be 40 cm across. There are spines and buttresses near the base. The leaves are alternate and simple. There are teeth along the edge. The leaves are oval and 7-14 cm long by 3-4 cm wide. The flowers are 1.5 mm across and green. The fruit is almost round and 2-3 cm across. They are green. The seeds are 11-13 mm long by 7-9 mm wide.
Very common to scattered along rivers and seashores; in gallery, tidal and mangrove forests; in primary and advanced secondary forests of swampy and seasonally inundated places; growing in clay, sand, mud; at elevations up to 75 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows along rivers and seashores. It can grow in waterlogged soils. It grows from sea level to 75 m altitude. It can be in mangrove forests and swampy areas.
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