Solanum jamaicense Mill.

Jamaican nightshade (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Erect or straggling shrub to 3 m tall; stems very densely tomentose, the pubescence with an ochraceous cast, of variously stalked, often dendritic, sub-echinoid stellae with long and torulose radii, and also of scattered hairs bearing one very long arm, armed with short (5 mm long), stout-based recurved spines. Leaves thick, 4-15 cm long, ovate, rhombic or obovate, often almost as broad as long, typically acute apically, basally long-acuminate, encompassing the petiole almost to the base, the leaves thus subsessile, the margins entire or usually shallowly angular-sinuate, both surfaces with dispersed, stalked pauciradiate non-porrect stellae. Inflorescence lateral, a short raceme, sometimes subumbellate; peduncle short with long-stalked and hydroid bristles, some of these dendritic; pedicels 2 cm long, slender, villous. Flowers very small; calyx 4 mm long, lobed about 1/2 the way down, the lobes narrowly lanceolate to subulate and bearing prominent dendritic-hydroid bristles; corolla white, 8-11 mm across, lobed '/2 the way down; stamens equal, the filaments very short (0.2 mm long), glabrous, the anthers 3-4 mm long, elongate-attenuate, opening by relatively large terminal pores and sometimes ultimately by longitudinal slits; style sometimes pubescent. Fruit a juicy, red, shiny berry 5 mm across; seeds 1.5-2 mm across, lenticular, orange, foveate.
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A small thorny shrub. It grows 1 m tall. It is loosely spreading. It has a yellow coating. The flowers are white. The fruit are round and bright red.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A weedy species of open fields and pastures, roadsides, or other disturbed areas; at elevations up to 900 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in the humid lowlands.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Leprosy (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Solanum jamaicense fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Solanum jamaicense fruit picture by Sebastian Gardt (cc-by-sa)
Solanum jamaicense fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Solanum jamaicense world distribution map, present in Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Grenada, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Solanum jamaicense threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001028736
COL ID 4Y2W2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630695
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Solanum brevipilosum Solanum brevipilum Solanum decurrens Solanum jamaicense Solanum willdenovianum Solanum croceum Solanum cuneifolium Solanum portoricense Solanum umbellatum Solanum heterotrichum Solanum cuneifolium