Solanum litoraneum A.E.Gonç.

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Small spreading shrub, occasionally climbing, often appearing ± dichotomously branched, 0.2-1 m high; hairs stellate, sessile to shortly stalked, ± regular, with the central ray very short and ± oblique; prickles yellow but sometimes fuscous or brownish upwards and less often so downwards too with age, shining, 1-5 mm long, 0.5-2.5 mm wide at the base, broadly based, laterally compressed, ± recurved, rarely straight and subulate particularly on leaves and calyx, often striate downwards, glabrous. Branches hairy at first, soon glabrescent, with scattered prickles. Leaves solitary, rarely appearing geminate, sometimes clustered at the ends of branches; petiole 2-8 mm long; lamina ± membranous, 1-6 x 0.5-4 cm, ovate to ± elliptic or oblong, rarely sub-orbicular or obovate, base from sub-truncate or ± rounded to cuneate and ± unequal-sided, sometimes decurrent into the petiole, apex obtuse or rounded, entire to sinuate-lobed, the few lobes entire and obtuse or rounded, with sparse hairs, rather more numerous beneath but mostly not overlapping on mature leaves, often prickly along the midrib mainly beneath, with 3-5 pairs of curved-ascending to straight lateral nerves. Cymes appearing lateral, leaf-remote, unbranched or occasionally forked, racemiform or sub-umbelliform, 1.5-3 cm across, 2-10(14)-flowered, occasionally flowers solitary, densely to sparsely hairy, often ± prickly; peduncle 0-5 mm long; rhachis 2-25 mm long, with conspicuous scars left by the fallen flowers. Flowers hermaphrodite and fertile, 5-merous, ± erect or nodding; pedicels 2.5-7 mm long, slender but thickened distally and very evidently so in fruit, hairy or subglabrous, unarmed or scarcely prickly, in fruit elongated to 15 (or more) mm, recurved. Calyx 3-4 mm long and 3-4 mm across, somewhat accrescent, campanulate, deeply lobed, hairy or subglabrous and ± prickly; lobes subequal, 1.5-2 x 1-1.2 mm, linear-lanceolate to triangular, acute or acuminate, in fruit enlarged to 6 x 2.5 mm, spreading or reflexed. Corolla whitish or mauve, widely campanulate-stelliform; limb 8-15 mm across; lobes 4-6 x 2-3.5 mm, ± ovate to narrowly triangular or oblong-elliptic, acute or acuminate, occasionally obtuse, ± densely hairy outside except for the interpetaline areas, glabrous or with few stellate hairs along the midrib inside, ± erect or spreading. Stamen filaments 0.5-1 mm long; anthers 3-4 x 0.5-1 mm, oblong to linear-lanceolate in outline, emarginate at both ends. Ovary c. 1 mm in diameter, ± globose or ellipsoid; style 5-9 mm long, exceeding the stamens, straight but usually ± recurved upwards, with stellate hairs from the base to halfway or more. Fruit orange or red and shining when ripe, 0.9-1.2 cm in diameter, globose. Seeds ± numerous, yellowish, shining, 3-3.5 x 2.5-3 mm, very compressed, reniform or lenticular, minutely reticulate all over.
More
Leaves solitary, rarely appearing geminate, sometimes clustered at the ends of branches; petiole 2–8 mm long; lamina ± membranous, 1–6 × 0.5–4 cm, ovate to ± elliptic or oblong, rarely sub-orbicular or obovate, base from sub-truncate or ± rounded to cuneate and ± unequal-sided, sometimes decurrent into the petiole, apex obtuse or rounded, entire to sinuate-lobed, the few lobes entire and obtuse or rounded, with sparse hairs, rather more numerous beneath but mostly not overlapping on mature leaves, often prickly along the midrib mainly beneath, with 3–5 pairs of curved-ascending to straight lateral nerves.
Small spreading shrub, occasionally climbing, often appearing ± dichotomously branched, 0.2–1 m high; hairs stellate, sessile to shortly stalked, ± regular, with the central ray very short and ± oblique; prickles yellow but sometimes fuscous or brownish upwards and less often so downwards too with age, shining, 1–5 mm long, 0.5–2.5 mm wide at the base, broadly based, laterally compressed, ± recurved, rarely straight and subulate particularly on leaves and calyx, often striate downwards, glabrous.
Corolla whitish or mauve, widely campanulate-stelliform; limb 8–15 mm across; lobes 4–6 × 2–3.5 mm, ± ovate to narrowly triangular or oblong-elliptic, acute or acuminate, occasionally obtuse, ± densely hairy outside except for the interpetaline areas, glabrous or with few stellate hairs along the midrib inside, ± erect or spreading.
Cymes appearing lateral, leaf-remote, unbranched or occasionally forked, racemiform or sub-umbelliform, 1.5–3 cm across, 2–10(14)-flowered, occasionally flowers solitary, densely to sparsely hairy, often ± prickly; peduncle 0–5 mm long; rhachis 2–25 mm long, with conspicuous scars left by the fallen flowers.
Calyx 3–4 mm long and 3–4 mm across, somewhat accrescent, campanulate, deeply lobed, hairy or subglabrous and ± prickly; lobes subequal, 1.5–2 × 1–1.2 mm, linear-lanceolate to triangular, acute or acuminate, in fruit enlarged to 6 × 2.5 mm, spreading or reflexed.
Flowers hermaphrodite and fertile, 5-merous, ± erect or nodding; pedicels 2.5–7 mm long, slender but thickened distally and very evidently so in fruit, hairy or subglabrous, unarmed or scarcely prickly, in fruit elongated to 15 (or more) mm, recurved.
Ovary c. 1 mm in diameter, ± globose or ellipsoid; style 5–9 mm long, exceeding the stamens, straight but usually ± recurved upwards, with stellate hairs from the base to halfway or more.
Seeds ± numerous, yellowish, shining, 3–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm, very compressed, reniform or lenticular, minutely reticulate all over.
Stamen filaments 0.5–1 mm long; anthers 3–4 × 0.5–1 mm, oblong to linear-lanceolate in outline, emarginate at both ends.
Fruit orange or red and shining when ripe, 0.9–1.2 cm in diameter, globose.
Branches hairy at first, soon glabrescent, with scattered prickles.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses gene source
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Solanum litoraneum world distribution map, present in Mozambique and South Africa

Conservation status

Solanum litoraneum threat status: Endangered

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001029106
COL ID 4Y34G
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Solanum litoraneum