Solanum mammosum L.

Nipplefruit (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Herb or shrub to 1.5 m tall; twigs viscid-villous with long simple hairs, armed with yellow or green, acicular spines which in age become flattened, recurved, woody, 2.5 cm long; stems fistulose. Leaves 6-20 cm long, broadly ovate, pin-natifidly lobed, the base truncate to deeply cordate, both sides villous with long, simple, glandular hairs, short-stalked glands and sessile, long-radiate stellae with ascending radii, armed with flattened acicular spines to 3 cm long; petioles 3-7 cm long, sparingly armed. Inflorescence lateral, several-flowered, a short raceme on a short (to 10 mm long) peduncle; pedicels 5-12 mm long, becoming stout and somewhat longer in fruit, viscid-villous to lanate, armed or not. Flowers with the calyx unarmed, deeply lobed, the lobes lanceolate, pubescent outside, 3-6 mm long; corolla violet, showy, exceeding the calyx 2-3 times in bud, 3-4 cm across, lobed about halfway; filaments very short, the anthers 10-12 mm long, linear-oblong and tapering. Fruit orange or yellow, 4-7 mm long, ovoid, often with a 2 cm long, nipple-like apex, and sometimes.bearing one or more nipple-like protrusions at the base; seeds compressed-lenticular, 5-7 mm across, not winged, finely rugose, shiny.
More
A herb or shrub. It grows 1.5 m high and spreads 0.9 m wide. It keeps growing from year to year. The whole plant has woolly hairs. There are prickles. The leaves are usually in pairs. The leaves are broadly oval and 5-12 cm long by 5-10 cm wide. They have prickles on the veins. There can be 5 lobes. The flowers are near the axils of the leaves and in groups of 3-4. They are purple. The fruit are yellow berries that are pear shaped and 5-7 cm long by 3-4 cm wide. They have lumps near the base. The ripe fruit are bright orange.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.95
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is native to tropical America. In southern China it grows between 200-1,300 m above sea level. In XTBG Yunnan. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
More
Grasslands, pastures, roadsides, waste places, secondary growth and cultivated land; usually at elevations below 100 metres, but occasionally reaching 1,800 metres.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked as a vegetable. The ripe fruit are eaten. Caution: The green fruit are possibly poisonous.
Uses environmental use food gene source medicinal poison social use
Edible fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Pain (fruit), Kidney diseases (leaf), Urinary bladder diseases (leaf), Bite(Dog) (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Piles (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Nephritis (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Elephantiasis (unspecified), Heart (unspecified), Sting(Caterpillar) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is normally grown from seed.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 11 - 18
Germination temperacture (C°) 22 - 24
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Solanum mammosum leaf picture by Pierre Bonnet (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Solanum mammosum flower picture by Pierre Bonnet (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum mammosum world distribution map, present in Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Burundi, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Ghana, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Suriname, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Uganda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001029340
COL ID 4Y386
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446813
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solanum corniculatum Solanum corniculatum Solanum cornigerum Solanum globiferum Solanum villosissimum Solanum mammiforme Solanum mammosum Solanum mamosissimum Solanum platanifolium Solanum mammosum var. corniculum