Solanum mauritianum Scop.

Earleaf nightshade (en), Morelle bringellier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Large shrub or small tree to 4.5(5) m high, evergreen, foetid, unarmed; hairs stellate, sessile to long stalked, sometimes bearing a long central ray, and also a few simple, multicellular hairs, loose and floccose on new growth; tiny glandular hairs also present. Branches thickly covered with white felty hairs, subglabrous with age. Leaves solitary; petiole 1-5.5 cm long, usually with 1-2 sessile, obliquely ovate-falcate, rounded, auricle-like, leafy, discolorous pseudostipules 1.3-4 x 0.9-2.5 cm at the base; lamina membranous or chartaceous, 4.5-29.5 x 1.5-13 cm, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes ± oblong, base rounded to cuneate, unequally decurrent into the petiole, apex rather obtuse, usually long-acuminate, entire or sub-undulate, velvety pubescent above, distinctly paler, whitish felty with denser tomentum beneath. Cymes terminal, becoming lateral, stout, dichotomously branched, corymbiform or ± paniculiform, 6.5-12 cm across, ± condensed, many-flowered; peduncle 8-18 cm long, thick, densely felty pubescent; pedicels 2-5 mm long. Calyx 5-7 mm long, slightly accrescent, deeply divided, densely felty-pubescent to floccose-tomentose; tube campanulate; lobes 2-4.5 x 2-3 mm, ovate-triangular to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse; in fruit enlarged to 6 x 4 mm. Corolla blue to purple or mauve with a pale “star” at the base, stelliform or saucer-shaped, 12-18 mm across, tomentose outside but less densely than the calyx; lobes 4-6 x 3-5.5 mm, ovate to triangular or lanceolate, ± acute. Stamen filaments 0.5-1 mm long; anthers 2.5-3 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid, emarginate at both ends. Ovary c. 1 mm in diameter, subglobose, tomentose; style 5-6 mm long, exceeding the stamens, ± straight, stellate-pubescent on the lower half to two-thirds. Fruit dull yellowish when ripe, sub-shining, 9-12 mm in diameter, ± globose, densely stellate-pubescent or tomentose, becoming subglabrous with age, poisonous, with 2 sub-apical, irregularly flattened sclerotic granules. Seeds pale yellow to golden-brown, 2-2.2 x 1.5-1.8 mm, reniform, lenticular or ovate in outline, minutely reticulate.
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Spreading, unarmed shrub or small tree to 10 m tall and with trunk to 15 cm diam., with all parts stellate-tomentose, the hairs ± sessile to long-stalked. lvs on vegetative and most flowering shoots with prominent stipule-like auricles 5-25 mm long at base; petioles to 6 cm long on flowering shoots, longer on strong vegetative shoots. Lamina 10-25-(40) × 3.5-10-(20) cm, ovate to elliptic, entire, light to dark green on upper surface, white to yellowish green on lower surface; base cuneate; apex usually acuminate but blunt at tip. Panicles dense, many-flowered, corymbose, terminal at first; rachis to 18 cm long, stout; pedicels ± erect at fruiting. Calyx c. 5 mm long, not accrescent; lobes ± elliptic. Corolla 1.5-2 cm diam., usually mauve to purple, occasionally white; lobes ovate or triangular-ovate, stellate-tomentose outside. Anthers 2-3 mm long. Berry c. 1 cm diam., globose, dull yellow; stone cells 0. Seeds 1-2 mm long, oblong-obovoid to suborbicular.
Shrub or small tree to 4 m high, green or grey-green, densely pubescent with stellate hairs; hairs loose and tufted on young growth, sparse on upper leaf-surface, dense on lower surface; prickles absent. Leaves elliptic; lamina 9–30 cm long, 3.5–14 cm wide, slightly discolorous, entire to slightly undulate; petiole 3–9 cm long, with 1–2 small sessile leaves in axil except on smaller twigs. Inflorescence branched, many-flowered; peduncle 3–15 cm long to first fork; pedicels 2–3 mm long. Calyx 4–6 mm long; lobes triangular, 1.5–3 mm long, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla stellate, 15–25 mm diam., violet. Anthers 2–3 mm long. Berry globular, 10–15 mm diam., dull yellow, pubescent, becoming glabrous with age. Seeds 1.5–2 mm long, light brown or yellowish.
Shrub, small tree, up to 5 m high; vegetative parts and calyces densely whitish, felty hairy. Stems later ± glabrous, striate. Leaves ovate to elliptical, up to 250 x 100 mm, unequal base decurrent on petiole, green velvety stellate-hairy above; petioles ± 40 mm long; stipules ovate, 20 x 15 mm, discolorous. Inflorescence dense; peduncles up to 100 mm long. Calyx 7 mm long, lobes ± triangular. Corolla ± saucer-shaped, 10 mm long, 15 mm in diam., purple, very hairy outside. Fruit globose berries, turning yellow, 10 mm in diam., densely hairy, calyces persistent. Seeds lenticular, 2 mm in diam., finely pitted, golden-brown. Flowering time all year.
Leaves solitary; petiole 1–5.5 cm long, usually with 1–2 sessile, obliquely ovate-falcate, rounded, auricle-like, leafy, discolorous pseudostipules 1.3–4 × 0.9–2.5 cm at the base; lamina membranous or chartaceous, 4.5–29.5 × 1.5–13 cm, elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, sometimes ± oblong, base rounded to cuneate, unequally decurrent into the petiole, apex rather obtuse, usually long-acuminate, entire or sub-undulate, velvety pubescent above, distinctly paler, whitish felty with denser tomentum beneath.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 4 m tall. It has a woolly covering. The leaves are alternate. There are 2 leaf like structures near the base of the leaf. These are 0.5-2 cm long. The leaves are oval to sword shaped and 10-30 cm long by 4.5-14 cm wide. They taper to the tip. There are many flowers together at the tip of the branches or in the axils of leaves. The fruit is a round berry. It is dull yellow and 10-15 mm wide. It is hairy at first. The seeds are 1.5-2 mm long.
Shrub or small tree, up to 4 m high; stems white-felty. Spines absent. Leaves petiolate; blade elliptic to narrowly obovate, up to 250 x 100 mm, apex acute to acuminate, base rounded, margins entire, grey-green, upper surface velvety, lower white-felty. Flowers: in terminal clusters, stout, many-flowered; corolla purple, ± 10 mm in diameter. Fruit a dull yellow berry, ± 10-15 mm in diameter.
Large shrub or small tree to 4.5(5) m high, evergreen, foetid, unarmed; hairs stellate, sessile to long stalked, sometimes bearing a long central ray, and also a few simple, multicellular hairs, loose and floccose on new growth; tiny glandular hairs also present.
Calyx 5–7 mm long, slightly accrescent, deeply divided, densely felty-pubescent to floccose-tomentose; tube campanulate; lobes 2–4.5 × 2–3 mm, ovate-triangular to ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse; in fruit enlarged to 6 × 4 mm.
Corolla blue to purple or mauve with a pale “star” at the base, stelliform or saucer-shaped, 12–18 mm across, tomentose outside but less densely than the calyx; lobes 4–6 × 3–5.5 mm, ovate to triangular or lanceolate, ± acute.
Small tree or shrub, up to 5 m high, unarmed. Leaves entire, densely stellate-floccose beneath, velvety stellate-pubescent above. Inflorescence terminal. Corolla 12 mm in diameter. Fruit yellowish. Flowers violet or purple.
Fruit dull yellowish when ripe, sub-shining, 9–12 mm in diameter, ± globose, densely stellate-pubescent or tomentose, becoming subglabrous with age, poisonous, with 2 sub-apical, irregularly flattened sclerotic granules.
Cymes terminal, becoming lateral, stout, dichotomously branched, corymbiform or ± paniculiform, 6.5–12 cm across, ± condensed, many-flowered; peduncle 8–18 cm long, thick, densely felty pubescent; pedicels 2–5 mm long.
Whitish felted, small tree to 5 m. Leaves ovate to elliptic, discolorous, to 25 cm long. Flowers crowded in terminal corymbs, purple, to 10 mm diam. Berries yellow, 10 mm diam., velvety.
Ovary c. 1 mm in diameter, subglobose, tomentose; style 5–6 mm long, exceeding the stamens, ± straight, stellate-pubescent on the lower half to two-thirds.
Seeds pale yellow to golden-brown, 2–2.2 × 1.5–1.8 mm, reniform, lenticular or ovate in outline, minutely reticulate.
Stamen filaments 0.5–1 mm long; anthers 2.5–3 mm long, narrowly ellipsoid, emarginate at both ends.
Branches thickly covered with white felty hairs, subglabrous with age.
A densely stellate-tomentose tree or shrub up to 20 ft. high
Blue-purple flowers.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is native to Argentina. It grows on waste ground. In East Africa it grows between 1,500-2,800 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
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Usually associated with disturbed habitats in higher rainfall regions.
Light -
Soil humidity 6-12
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

CAUTION: The fruit are poisonous.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal poison social use
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Solanum mauritianum habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum habit picture by Jacky Chan (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum habit picture by Sarami (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Solanum mauritianum leaf picture by Cullum Jane (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum leaf picture by Marie-Françoise Parais (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum leaf picture by pratiwir pratiwir (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Solanum mauritianum flower picture by Matthieu Gebus (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum flower picture by Marie-Françoise Parais (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum flower picture by martine verger (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Solanum mauritianum fruit picture by Marie-Françoise Parais (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum fruit picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Solanum mauritianum fruit picture by Michael Braun (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum mauritianum world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Cameroon, Cook Islands, Ecuador, Spain, Fiji, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Nepal, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Réunion, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, eSwatini, Tonga, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001029408
COL ID 4Y39K
BDTFX ID 78090
INPN ID 161873
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solanum carterianum Solanum pulverulentum Solanum tabaccifolium Solanum mauritianum Solanum verbascifolium subsp. auriculatum Solanum verbascifolium var. auriculatum Solanum verbascifolium var. auriculatum Solanum verbascifolium var. typicum