Solanum pseudocapsicum L.

Madeira winter cherry (en), Pommier d'amour (fr), Morelle (fr), Morelle faux piment (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Erect, glabrate shrub to 2 m tall; stem terete or slightly angled, puberulent with small dendritic hairs or glabrous. Leaves entire or faintly sinuate, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, apically acuminate or obtuse, basally narrowed, dark green above, lighter beneath, glabrous or with a few forward-curved hairs on the midrib and margins, the midrib prominent beneath; pedicels 3-10 mm long, slender but thickening in fruit. Flowers with the calyx 4-6 mm long, the lobes deltoid to narrowly oblong with obtuse or rounded, fine ciliate tips, the midvein evident; corolla 1-1.5 mm across, sometimes reflexed, white, deeply-lobed; stamens spreading or connivent in a tube, the filaments glabrous, stout, 1 mm long, the anthers 2.5-3 mm long, stout; style filiform, straight. Fruit an orange-red berry, 12-18 mm across, shiny and conspicuous, the stylar scar evident; seeds compressed-lenticular, shiny.
More
Erect, unarmed shrub, glabrous or sometimes with few-branched hairs on very young shoots; stems wiry, 40-120-(200) cm tall. Petiole to 2 cm long, slender. Lamina 3-12 × 1-3 cm, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, glossy above; margins usually undulate; base narrowly attenuate; apex obtuse or acute. Fls 1-several; peduncle 0-8 mm long; pedicels 5-10 mm long, erect at fruiting. Calyx 4-5 mm long; lobes lanceolate to ovate, slightly accrescent. Corolla c. 15 mm diam., white, glabrous; lobes oblong-ovate to ± triangular. Anthers 2.5-3 mm long. Berry 1.5-2 cm diam., globose, glossy, orange to scarlet, long-persistent; stone cells 0. Seeds c. 3 mm diam., suborbicular to reniform or obovoid, rather asymmetric; margin thickened.
Shrubs erect, branched, unarmed; pubescence of simple and branched hairs. Petiole 2-5 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to lanceolate, 1-6 × 0.5-1.5 cm, pubescent or glabrous, base cuneate, decurrent, margin entire or sinuate, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences leaf opposed or extra-axillary, solitary or rarely paired flowers or short racemes; peduncle short or obsolete. Pedicel 3-4 mm. Calyx green, ca. 4 mm in diam., prominently lobed; lobes ca. 1.5 mm. Corolla white or mauve, 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., lobed about half way. Filaments less than 1 mm, glabrous; anthers ca. 2 mm. Style ca. 2 mm. Fruiting pedicel ca. 1 cm, expanded at apex. Berry orange-red, fleshy, 1.2-1.5(-2) cm in diam. Seeds discoid, 2-3 mm in diam.
Unarmed shrub, up to 2 m high, ± glabrous, young stems green. Leaves lanceolate, up to 105 x 18 mm, subentire or repand, decurrent at base, paler green below, midrib prominent below; petioles up to 10 mm long. Inflorescence lateral, ± sessile, 1-5-flowered; pedicels ± 8 mm long. Calyx campanulate, up to 6 mm long, deeply lobed, lobes linear-lanceolate; later larger. Corolla rotate-stellate, 10-15 mm in diam., deeply lobed, lobes broad, up to 5 mm long, white. Flowering time Oct.-Mar. Fruit globose, shiny, 10-15 mm in diam., bright orange-red, fleshy. Seeds lenticular, compressed, shiny, 3-4 mm long, ± yellow.
Shrub to 2 m high, green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on young twigs and new growth; prickles absent. Leaves oblong-lanceolate; lamina 4–10 cm long, 1–3 cm wide, concolorous, slightly undulate; petiole 5–15 mm long. Inflorescence short, 1–several–flowered; peduncle absent or up to 1 cm long; pedicels c. 1 cm long. Calyx 4–5 mm long; lobes narrowly triangular, 2–3 mm long. Corolla deeply stellate, 10–15 mm diam., white. Anthers 2–3 mm long. Berry globular, 10–15 mm diam., bright orange-red. Seeds 3–4 mm long, pale buff or yellow, the margin thickened.
Shrub, up to 2.5 m high; short-lived. Spines absent. Leaves subsessile; blade decurrent, obovate-elliptic, up to 140 x 20 mm, apex rounded, base cuneate, margins entire or slightly and distantly scalloped, ± glabrous. Flowers: in few-flowered, lateral, umbellate cymes, or sometimes solitary; corolla 10 mm in diameter, white; Oct.-May. Fruit a green to orange to bright red berry, ± 15 mm in diameter.
Small, much branched shrub, tomentose with simple and forked hairs on young branches; leaves in pairs, one smaller, 4-7(9) x 2-3(4.5) cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, entire to somewhat undulate, glabrous to pubescent beneath; flowers few, on racemiform cymes, or solitary; corolla white, c. 1-1.5 cm in diameter, rotate-stelliform; fruit red tinged orange or scarlet, 1-2 cm long, globose or ovoid.
An erect shrub. It grows 90-120 cm tall. The leaves are 4-8 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. They are narrowly oval. There are 1-3 flowers in a group in the axils of leaves. The flowers are white. The fruit is a berry 8-12 mm across. It is scarlet red and shiny. The seeds are 3 mm wide.
Shrub, 0.9-1.2 m high, unarmed. Leaves repand, glabrous. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered, sometimes solitary. Corolla 10 mm in diameter. Fruit red or orange-red. Flowers white.
Softly woody shrublet to 1 m. Leaves bright green, elliptic to lanceolate, to 12 cm long. Flowers 1-few in clusters, white, 5 mm diam. Berries orange-red, 10-15 mm diam.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread endozoochory
Mature width (meter) 1.05 - 1.25
Mature height (meter) 1.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In Pakistan it grows up to 2,200 m altitude. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 2,600 m above sea level.
More
Common in disturbed, wet areas.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The fruit are used as a colouring agent in various dishes. Caution: It can contain alkaloids such as solanine.
Uses environmental use material medicinal poison
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Exanthema (leaf), Bactericide (unspecified), Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Solanum pseudocapsicum habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum habit picture by Denis Alkan (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf picture by karine pignalet (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf picture by J Y Liew (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Solanum pseudocapsicum flower picture by Lucie Castel (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum flower picture by Claude Beaugrand (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum flower picture by anne dupuy (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Solanum pseudocapsicum fruit picture by Asat Home (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum fruit picture by panos (cc-by-sa)
Solanum pseudocapsicum fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum pseudocapsicum world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, France, Georgia, Greece, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Slovakia, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001030583
COL ID 6YTJR
BDTFX ID 64975
INPN ID 124093
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solanum pseudocapsicum f. calvescens Solanum pseudocapsicum f. pilosulum Solanum compactum Solanum eremanthum Solanum hyemale Solanum hygrophilum Solanum jaliscanum Solanum karstenii Solanum lucidum Solanum montevidense Solanum pseudocapsicum var. microcarpum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. pilosum Solanum singuliflorum Solanum validum Brachistus grisebachii Solanum dunnianum Solanum hendersonii Solanum hermannioides Solanum linkianum Solanum mexiae Solanum microcarpum Solanum plurifurcipilum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. pilulosum Solanum tucumanense Solanum ulmoides Solanum uniflorum Solanum capsicastrum var. caaguazuense Solanum diflorum var. hygrophilum Solanum diflorum var. pulverulentum Solanum diphyllum var. pulverulentum Solanum ipecacuanha var. calvescens Solanum ipecacuanha var. obovata Solanum pseudocapsicum subsp. diflorum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. ambiguum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. diflorum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. hygrophilum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. lancifolium Solanum pseudocapsicum var. microcarpum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. normale Solanum pseudocapsicum var. parvifolium Solanum pseudocapsicum var. sendtnerianum Solanum pseudocapsicum var. typicum Solanum pseudocapsicum f. pseudocapsicum Solanum diflorum var. angustifolium Solanum pseudocapsicum f. microcarpum Solanum pseudocapsicum f. pilulosum Solanum pseudocapsicum