Solanum quitoense Lam.

Naranjilla (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

Large herb or small shrub to 3 m tall; twigs stout, tomentose with long-armed, multangulate hairs on long, multiseriate stalks and armed with short or long, stout, flattened, yellowish spines. Leaves large, often exceeding 30 cm long, broadly ovate, shallowly sinuate-lobed, the lobes acuminate, the tips often glabrous above and mucronate, above with a mixture of sessile, porrect, pauci-radiate hairs with long midpoints and long, multiseriate, stalked, multangulate hairs, these latter often deciduous, beneath more densely clothed with mostly stalked stellae and suffused with purple, at least when young, armed or not on the major veins; petioles to 15 cm long, stout, tomentose and often armed. Inflorescence a congested fascicle or sub-umbellate raceme on a short, stout peduncle; pedicels to 10 mm long, the tomentum in part infused with purple. Calyx 10 cm long, lobed 1/2 the way down, the lobes deltoid, densely purplish tomentose outside and, except for the villous tips, glabrous within; corolla white, unequally lobed almost to the base, 5 cm across, densely tomentose outside, glabrous within; anthers subsessile, very stout at the base and narrowly abruptly in the upper 1/3, the slender tips bent outwards to allow the terminal pores to dehisce extrorsely; ovary densely tomentose, style glabrous. Fruits large, to 6 cm across, a yellow-orange, juicy berry, glabrescent but scabridulous until maturity, the pericarp thin, 5-10 mm thick, enclosing large, many-seeded locules; seeds lenticular-discoid, scrobiculate, with narrow but distinct wings, 3-4 mm across overall.
More
A small shrub up to 2 m high. It is hairy or thorny. The leaves are large (60 cm) and angular and hairy on both surfaces. They have thorns along the veins. Young leaves are purple. The flowers are pale violet and 2-4 cm across. The fruit are produced in clusters on the trunk. The fruit is bright orange in colour and covered with short hairs which can be removed by rubbing. The fruit is about 6 cm across. The flesh is yellow-orange to green. It has numerous small edible seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It suits the highland areas in the tropics. The best altitude is probably 800 to 2000 m. In the Andes it grows between 1,500-2,800 m altitude. The temperatures are 14-22°C. It is frost sensitive. It likes humidity. It grows well with rainfall of 1,500 mm per year. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
More
Montane forests.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Fruit is eaten fresh or used for jams and drinks. The juice is used to flavour ice creams and sherberts.
Uses animal food environmental use food gene source medicinal ornamental seasoning
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

They are grown from seeds. Seeds can be bought in stores or collected from the fruit. Seeds germinate in 25-40 days in warm soil. A spacing of 1-2 m is suitable. Plants can be grown from cuttings. Cuttings need to be about 15 cm long. The cuttings should be stored for a few days to allow the cut surfaces to heal before planting. Grafting onto more resistant root stocks is possible.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 11 - 18
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 24
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Solanum quitoense habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Solanum quitoense leaf picture by Rocio VacaBucheli (cc-by-sa)
Solanum quitoense leaf picture by Anghelo Herrera Calvo (cc-by-sa)
Solanum quitoense leaf picture by T Casey (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Solanum quitoense flower picture by Estefania Escobar (cc-by-sa)
Solanum quitoense flower picture by Génesis Monroy (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Solanum quitoense fruit picture by Jhansi Vanela (cc-by-sa)
Solanum quitoense fruit picture by Anghelo Herrera Calvo (cc-by-sa)
Solanum quitoense fruit picture by Felipe (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum quitoense world distribution map, present in Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001030751
COL ID 4Y3XF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446023
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solanum quitoense f. septentrionale (r.e.schult. & cuatrec.) d'arcy Solanum angulatum Solanum macrocarpon Solanum quitense Solanum macrocarpon Solanum nollanum Solanum quitoense var. septentrionale Solanum quitoense