Solanum seaforthianum Andrews

Brazilian nightshade (en), Liane pomme de terre (fr), Liane pomme Édouard (fr), Petite liane patate (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Solanales > Solanaceae > Solanum

Characteristics

High climbing liana, glabrous, the stems slender, green, becoming woody. Leaves simple, compound or lobed, often all on the same plant, the lobes mostly ovate, the sinuses broadly rounded, apically long-acuminate, basally acute, obtuse, truncate or cordate; petioles 3-5 cm long. Inflorescence a large, showy, ternately-branching panicle, the peduncle slender; pedicels slender and abscissing nearly at the base; calyx 2-3 mm long, apically truncate or with very short deltoid or umbonate lobes, not splitting at the sinuses and not expanded in the lower portion; corolla purple, pinkish, blue or rarely white, 2-5 cm across, lobed to more than one half the way down; stamens subequal, the filaments glabrous, short, the anthers stout, 2.5-3.5 mm long, dehiscing by large terminal pores which may coalesce, and ultimately by longitudinal slits; ovary and style glabrous, the stigma small, capitate. Fruits globose, 1-2 cm across, bright, shiny, deep scarlet, juicy; seeds 3.5 mm across.
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Vines slender, woody, 1-5 m, glabrescent; pubescence of simple hairs. Leaves simple or pinnately compound; petiole 2-5 cm; leaf blade 4-10 × 4-7 cm, puberulent along veins, base acute, obtuse, truncate, or cordate, usually pinnately (5-)7(-9)-parted; lobes ovate to oblong or lanceolate, unequal, 1.5-5 × 0.5-2.5 cm, acute or acuminate. Inflorescences leaf opposed or appearing terminal, showy, many-flowered open panicles; peduncle to 4 cm, branched. Pedicel 5-10 mm, abscissing nearly at base. Calyx cup-shaped, 1-1.5 × 2-3 mm, truncate or with minute, short deltate lobes, glabrous. Corolla usually purple, rarely white, 0.9-1.3 cm; lobes ovate-oblong, 5-8 × 2.5-4.5 mm, glabrous. Filaments 2-3 mm; anthers free, 3-4 mm. Style ca. 1 cm. Fruit (not seen in Chinese plants) red, juicy, globose, 1-2 cm. Seeds discoid, 2-3.5 mm in diam.
Leaves solitary; petiole 1–4.5 cm long; lamina membranous, 2.5–14 × 1.5–10 cm, ovate to sometimes elliptic or obovate in outline, acute to truncate or cordate and somewhat unequal-sided at the base, subglabrous or pubescent at least along the margins and veins, and also with some glandular hairs often present beneath, mostly pinnatilobed to pinnatisect distally and pinnatisect proximally, with (3)5–7(9) lobes or segments, these 0.7–8.4 × 0.2–3.2 cm, the lowest often smaller and the upper ones mostly confluent with the rhachis, ovate to lanceolate, obovate to oblanceolate, elliptic or oblong, basally cuneate, truncate or sub-cordate and ± oblique, broadly attached to shortly stalked, apically obtuse to acute and often ± long-acuminate, entire or undulate, the sinuses broadly rounded to acute.
Sprawling perennial shrub or climber, green; simple, non-glandular hairs on leaf margins, veins of lower leaf-surface and corolla margins and tips; glandular hairs on peduncles and pedicels; prickles absent. Leaves ovate; lamina 4–13 cm long, 4–11 cm wide, concolorous, deeply lobed, the lobes often cut to midrib; petiole 2–4 cm long. Inflorescence few–50–flowered; peduncle 1–6 cm long; rachis to 10 cm long; pedicels 10–15 mm long. Calyx 1.5–2.5 mm long; lobes broad, very short. Corolla deeply incised, 20–30 mm diam., mauve-blue. Anthers 2.5–4 mm long. Berry globular, 8–12 mm diam., bright red. Seeds 2–3 mm long, reddish-brown, hairy.
A climbing vine. It grows to 3-5 m long. It is hairless and evergreen. The leaves are produced alternately along the vine and are often divided into leaflets. The leaves are 10-20 cm long and they can be entire or with 6-9 lobes or leaflets. The flowers are purple and 2 cm across. They develop in large clusters 15 cm across. The fruit are bright red berries. They are oval in shape and 6-10 mm across.
Cymes soon displaced laterally, showy, paniculiform or corymbiform, 4.5–17 cm long, ± lax, usually many-flowered, drooping, with the axes glabrous apart from a few glandular hairs; peduncle (0.5)1.5–4.5(7.5) cm long, elongated to 9 cm in fruit.
Corolla blue to mauve, purple or lilacineous, elsewhere rarely white, ± deeply stelliform, 12–29 mm across; lobes 5–12 × 2–7 mm, oblong or lanceolate, acutish from a tapering apex, with eglandular hairs along the margins and on the tip.
Calyx green to purplish upwards, 0.7–1.2 mm long, campanulate or cupular, glabrous or glandular, apically truncate or with umbonate teeth to short, deltate, obtuse lobes tipped with a few hairs, in fruit not splitting at the sinuses.
Climber, up to 6 m high, unarmed. Leaves pinnate or unequally pinnatifid, glabrous. Inflorescence a many-flowered axillary cyme. Corolla 25 mm in diameter. Berries red. Flowers blue to purple.
Ovary c. 1 mm in diameter, globose or globose-conical, glabrous or with a few glandular hairs; style 6–11 mm long, slender, straight but curved at the apex, much exceeding the stamens.
Seeds numerous, creamy to reddish-brown, 2.6–4 × 2–3.5 mm, sub-reniform or circular to obovate in outline, appearing hirsute with the remains of cell walls projecting outwards.
Climbing or trailing shrub to 6 m, subglabrous or scarcely pubescent; hairs simple, few-celled, ± curved, usually ± appressed, with tiny glandular ones also.
Stamen filaments 1.5–3.5 mm long; anthers 2–4 mm long, stout, oblong in outline, not or slightly tapering towards the apex.
Flowers ± pendulous; pedicels 5–16(19 in fruit) mm long, slender, slightly thickened upwards, abscissing near the base.
Fruit bright to deep shiny red, 7–11 mm in diameter, globose to ovoid, finally pulpy, poisonous.
Branches ± terete, slender, becoming somewhat woody.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is native to tropical America. It needs temperatures above 7-10°C. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
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Occurs in moist gullies and disturbed rainforest.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

CAUTION. The berries have been reported as poisonous due to the chemical alkaloid solasodine.
Uses environmental use material medicinal poison
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Poison (unspecified), Protisticide (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It needs a support to climb over.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) 15 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Solanum seaforthianum habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Solanum seaforthianum habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Solanum seaforthianum leaf picture by andrew Andrew (cc-by-sa)
Solanum seaforthianum leaf picture by Rekha Suresh (cc-by-sa)
Solanum seaforthianum leaf picture by Lesley T (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Solanum seaforthianum flower picture by Balasundaram Balasundaram Krishnamurthy (cc-by-sa)
Solanum seaforthianum flower picture by Jane Jane Eskenazi (cc-by-sa)
Solanum seaforthianum flower picture by Anziz AHMED ABDOU (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Solanum seaforthianum fruit picture by andrew Andrew (cc-by-sa)
Solanum seaforthianum fruit picture by Mike Newell (cc-by-sa)
Solanum seaforthianum fruit picture by Anziz AHMED ABDOU (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Solanum seaforthianum world distribution map, present in Australia, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Brazil, Barbados, Botswana, China, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Honduras, India, Kenya, Saint Lucia, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Namibia, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, eSwatini, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001031144
COL ID 4Y47B
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446604
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Solanum botryophorum Solanum cyrrhosum Solanum pentadactylon Solanum salignum Solanum kerrii Solanum prunifolium Solanum venustum Solanum cirrhosum Solanum tenuifolium Solanum seaforthianum var. disjunctum Solanum seaforthianum